Surgery

Latent Supervision: A Method for Improved Performance and Calibration of Machine Learning Classification Models in Ophthalmology.

PURPOSE: Standard supervised learning assumes deterministic labels (e.g., positive or negative, present or absent), neglecting the diagnostic uncertainty inherent in clinical practice. We propose latent supervision, a novel algorithm which applies latent class analysis to incorporate multiple diagnostic tests or expert opinions to produce probabilistic labels (soft labels) for more accurate, calib...

Which matters more for preventing knee replacements: reducing overactivity or combating inactivity?

BACKGROUND: Daily physical activity (PA) has been gaining attention for the management and prevention of knee osteoarthritis (OA). AIMS: This study aimed to compare the effects of various hypothetical daily PA regimens on the incidence of knee replacement (KR) surgery using a targeted learning approach. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative on adults in the US with symptomat...

Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics-based machine learning models for the postoperative survival prediction in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models to predict survival following oesophagectomy in oesophageal squamous...

Multimodal deep learning for objective skill assessment in robot-assisted vesico-urethral anastomosis.

Contralateral language network integration predicts and protects against naming decline after temporal lobe resection.

OBJECTIVE: Anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) is an effective treatment for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) but carries a substantial...

Cross-Platform Proteomics and Machine Learning Algorithms Nominate Plasma Biomarkers of Stroke Diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Blood-based biomarkers for stroke subtyping could improve triage in emergency settings. We used cross-platform proteomics to identify plas...

Generative Artificial Intelligence for Postoperative Parameters Prediction in Implantable Collamer Lens Surgery.

PURPOSE: To predict multiple postoperative parameters following implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery with generative artificial intelligence, using...

Clinical Impact of Postrecanalization Hemorrhagic Transformation and Its Prediction Using Baseline Noncontrast CT.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after recanalization therapy remains a critical concern in acute ischemic stroke management. While severe ...

From innovation to implementation: Addressing the AI adoption gap in cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: While artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly across cardiovascular medicine, its translation into cardiac surgery remains limit...

OSCAR: A Modular Open-Source Robotic Platform for Biological Laboratories.

Biological research often involves complex, repetitive, and high-throughput manipulations that are well-suited to automation. However, current robotic...

Real-Time Peripheral Revascularization Planning in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia Using HarVI: A Digital Twin Approach.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a leading cause of limb loss and morbidity worldwide, with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) rep...

Multiphase CT-based deep learning radiomics nomogram models for preoperative WHO/ISUP grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a two-center validation study.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative determination of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathol...

Effect of a Computer-Aided Device for Detecting Gastric Neoplasms: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Evidence about the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) on upper endoscopy in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is lackin...

Diagnostic Accuracy of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Functional Outcome of Thrombectomy for Acute Posterior Circulation Artery Occlusion: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard treatment for acute posterior circulation artery occlusion (PCAO), but predicting outcomes re...

Applications of artificial intelligence algorithms in ultrasound-based kidney stone detection, classification, prediction, and management: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Kidney stones are a prevalent urological condition with significant global burden, often diagnosed using ultrasound (US) as a first-line m...

Artificial intelligence and robotics in global neurosurgery: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are transforming neurosurgical care; however, the application of these technologies in low- and m...

Integrative assessment of gamete and embryo quality in porcine in vitro production: A comprehensive review.

Despite significant progress in porcine in vitro embryo production (IVP), major challenges persist, particularly regarding the biological quality and ...

Deviation From AI-Predicted Implant Sizes in Total Hip Arthroplasty Is Associated With Increased Complication Risk.

BACKGROUND: Patient characteristics may predict implant sizes in total hip arthroplasty (THA), but the clinical value and generalizability of such mod...

Machine learning applications for anterior cruciate ligament injury prediction and rehabilitation in sports: A scoping review with evidence synthesis.

PURPOSE: To map and synthesise current evidence on machine learning (ML) applications for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk estimation, reh...

Artificial Intelligence in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications and Future Directions.

INTRODUCTION: To examine the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in vitreoretinal (VR) diseases and surgery, with the aim o...