Surveillance

Predictive and Seasonal Dynamics of the Human Wastewater Virome

Wastewater-based epidemiology provides a scalable, noninvasive framework for population-level infectious disease monitoring, but traditional assays limit detection breadth and genomic insight. To address these constraints, we conducted targeted hybrid capture virome sequencing across 15 Texas cities over three years, from 2023 to 2025, generating ~3 billion viral reads and identifying more than 90...

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Climate-Driven Forecasting of Scrub Typhus: Evidence from South India.

Scrub typhus remains a persistent public health concern with strong spatial and temporal variability. This study analyses the spatio-temporal distribution, clustering patterns, and forecasting of scrub typhus across five districts, Chittoor, Ranipet, Tirupattur, Vellore, and Tiruvannamalai, using long-term surveillance data from May 2005 to May 2024. We applied spatio-temporal exploratory analysis...

TrialScout links published results to trial registrations using a large language model

Background: Multiple stakeholders need to locate results of registered clinical trials but frequently struggle to find them. Summary results of clinic...

PathGLS: Evaluating Pathology Vision-Language Models without Ground Truth through Multi-Dimensional Consistency

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer significant potential in computational pathology by enabling interpretable image analysis, automated reporting, an...

Reinforcement Learning for Antibiotic Stewardship: Optimizing Prescribing Policies Under Antimicrobial Resistance Dynamics

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens antibiotic effectiveness, but quantitatively evaluating stewardship strategies under partial observability an...

Machine learning for sustainable geoenergy: uncertainty, physics and decision-ready inference

Geoenergy projects (CO2 storage, geothermal, subsurface H2 generation/storage, critical minerals from subsurface fluids, or nuclear waste disposal) in...

A comprehensive multimodal dataset and benchmark for ulcerative colitis scoring in endoscopy

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic mucosal inflammatory condition that places patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic surveill...

Comparative Evaluation of Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosting Models for Influenza Outbreak Early-Warning Using U.S. CDC ILINet Surveillance Data (2010-2025)

Background Timely detection of seasonal influenza outbreaks is critical for healthcare system preparedness and public health response. Although numero...

Antenatal surveillance of placental function using a wearable near infrared spectroscopy device with machine learning data interpretation

Background Placental dysfunction remains a leading cause of stillbirth and neonatal morbidity, yet current monitoring tools provide only indirect and ...

Prototype-Based Knowledge Guidance for Fine-Grained Structured Radiology Reporting

Structured radiology reporting promises faster, more consistent communication than free text, but automation remains difficult as models must make man...

A Standardized Framework For Evaluating Gene Expression Generative Models

The rapid development of generative models for single-cell gene expression data has created an urgent need for standardised evaluation frameworks. Cur...

Bridging the Skill Gap in Clinical CBCT Interpretation with CBCTRepD

Generative AI has advanced rapidly in medical report generation; however, its application to oral and maxillofacial CBCT reporting remains limited, la...

Improving Turnaround Times with Artificial Intelligence in Microbiology

This dual-center study evaluated the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on urine culture turnaround times in Canadian diagnostic laboratories empl...

Machine Unlearning for GDPR Right-to-Erasure in Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction Models

Objective. Healthcare machine learning models trained on patient data must comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) right to erasure ...

Predictors of COVID-19 hospital outcomes: a machine learning analysis of the National COVID Cohort Collaborative

Predicting hospital outcomes for patients with severe acute respiratory infections is critical for risk stratification and resource planning, yet hete...

A Machine Learning Framework for Serogroup Classification of pathogenic species of Leptospira Based on rfb Locus Profiles

Leptospira is a highly diverse genus traditionally classified by serological assays into more than 30 serogroups and over 300 serovars. However, this ...

A multi-center analysis of deep learning methods for video polyp detection and segmentation

Colonic polyps are well-recognized precursors to colorectal cancer (CRC), typically detected during colonoscopy. However, the variability in appearanc...

Bias in respiratory diagnoses by Large Language Models (LLMs) in Low Middle Income Countries (LMICs)

Introduction Clinicians and patients are likely to increasingly use Large Language Models (LLMs) for diagnostic support. Use of LLMs mostly created in...

Multistate Animal-Contact-Related Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2022: Network and Machine Learning Analyses of Exposure Sources, Settings, and Serovars

Background: Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) is a major public-health threat in the United States of America (U.S.). Evaluating associations bet...

The Causal Impact of Natural Language Processing-Driven Clinical Decision Support on Sepsis Mortality in England: An Augmented Synthetic Control Analysis of NHS Trust-Level Data

Background: Sepsis remains a leading cause of preventable hospital mortality in England, with NHS England reporting over 48,000 sepsis-related deaths ...