Surveillance

Development and Internal Evaluation of EAST-BMS (East Asian Survival Tool for Bone Metastasis Surgery): A Multinational Machine-learning Survival Prediction Model for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Nonspinal Bone Metastasis in East Asia.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing surgery for bone metastases typically have advanced disease, and postoperative survival varies substantially. Accurate survival estimation is important for surgical decision-making and patient counseling. Several prognostic models have been externally validated in East Asian populations, but these tools were originally developed in Western cohorts and do not incorpo...

Convolutional Neural Networks in Radiology: Principles, Clinical Applications, and a Practical Framework for Radiologists.

Artificial intelligence is increasingly embedded within radiology workflows. In radiology, large language models may support reporting and communication tasks, while machine learning and deep learning models are increasingly used for image classification, segmentation, and quantitative analysis. This article is an educational review and practical guide rather than an experimental study. It summari...

Environmental Antibiotic Contamination and AMR: Integrating Pathways, Impacts, and AI-Driven Mitigation.

The widespread contamination of the environment with antibiotic residues is a significant factor contributing to the global crisis of antimicrobial re...

An evaluation of artificial intelligence assisted prostate biopsy reporting in the Articulate Pro study.

Prospective evidence on clinical utility of AI in histopathology is limited. We conducted a prospective study across three National Health Service spe...

Understanding Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia: Do Not Miss the Point.

Needle and blood-injection-injury phobia is commonly encountered in the perioperative setting. It can significantly disrupt operating room throughput,...

Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention: Beyond Conventional Strategies in a Rapidly Changing Global Milieu.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide despite advances in early detection and treatment. Furthermore, its epidem...

Semi-Automating Curation of Clinical Practice Guidelines.

The rapid expansion of clinical knowledge presents significant challenges for maintaining current and comprehensive clinical practice guidelines (CPGs...

Integrating AI Scribe Technology into Public Health Workflows: Simulation and Field Evaluation in Disease Case Management.

The growing integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into clinical documentation offers new opportunities to enhance public health su...

From Clinical Data Warehouses to Epidemiological Indicators: A Methodology for Real-Time Surveillance.

Clinical data warehouses (CDWs) provide a robust foundation for generating real-world epidemiological indicators from electronic health records. By ex...

The CT colonography radiology and data system: history, updates, and future directions.

Computed tomography colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is a minimally invasive imaging technique developed in the early 1990s to evaluat...

Riesz Representers for the Rest of Us.

The application of semiparametric efficient estimators, particularly those that leverage machine learning, is rapidly expanding within epidemiology an...

Large Language Models in Colorectal Cancer Care and Clinical Decision Support: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. The complexity of guideline-concordant care and un...

Enhancing respiratory virus surveillance among hospitalised children: a machine learning-based predictive model.

BACKGROUND: Viral respiratory tract infections (vRTIs) are a leading cause of paediatric hospitalisation and healthcare utilisation. Existing syndromi...

AJNR Study-Specific Guidelines for AI in Medical Imaging: Bridging Gaps in Reference Standard and Clinical Evaluation.

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in neuroradiology can lead to heterogeneous study design and reporting that imped...

Evaluating the feasibility of a scalable, digitally supported model for global collaborative surgical research: protocol for a prospective, international, multicentre observational study in cryptoglandular anal fistula treatment (CRAFT).

INTRODUCTION: Management of cryptoglandular anal fistula is characterised by wide variation in diagnostic strategies, surgical techniques and outcome ...

Optimizing breast core needle biopsy biomarker throughput using an AI-based workflow.

AIMS: To evaluate the feasibility, appropriate relevance and impact on turnaround time (TAT) of an AI-supported workflow in which AI, integrated in th...

An integrated AI pipeline for automated cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow karyograms in hematological malignancies: A Pix2Pix enhancement and deep learning detection approach.

BACKGROUND: Conventional cytogenetic analysis remains central to the diagnosis and risk stratification of hematological malignancies but is constraine...

Antibiotic therapy in febrile neutropenia in haematological patients: current considerations and future challenges.

The management of febrile neutropenia (FN) in oncohematological patients is undergoing a paradigm shift driven by a deeper understanding of patients' ...

Large language models and large multimodal models in radiology: opportunities, challenges, and the path toward sustainable long-term clinical integration.

Large language models (LLMs), built on transformer architecture, have emerged as a fundamental tool in natural language processing and contextual reas...

Unveiling Viral Escape Mechanisms With Machine Learning: A Transformative Approach to Mutation Analysis for SARS-CoV-2 and Beyond.

Persistent viruses like Influenza, HIV, and Coronavirus exemplify the challenge of viral escape, significantly hindering the development of long-lasti...