Surveillance

Machine learning framework for early detection of polio outbreaks from acute flaccid paralysis surveillance data.

Poliomyelitis remains a global public health concern despite remarkable progress toward eradication. The continued circulation of vaccine-derived polioviruses underscores the need for enhanced surveillance systems capable of early detection and rapid response. Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance, a key component of the polio eradication, plays a vital role in detecting poliovirus transmissi...

A data-centric approach to detecting and mitigating demographic bias in pediatric mental health text.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential but often inherits biases from training data, worsening disparities. While bias mitigation has focused on structured data, mental health relies on unstructured clinical notes, where linguistic differences and data sparsity pose challenges. This study aims to detect and reduce non-biological textual bias in AI model...

Association of surgical resection with survival in retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma based on SEER propensity score matching and machine-learning models.

Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (RLS) is a rare and aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcoma with limited population-level evidence guiding surgical d...

Reflectance confocal microscopy in the management of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) are difficult to manage because of their subclinical extension and ill-defined mar...

AI-enabled wearable microfluidics for next-generation infection monitoring and therapeutics.

Wearable biosensors have revolutionized healthcare by enabling continuous, minimally invasive monitoring of health parameters. While traditional weara...

AI Triage in Primary Care: Building Safer and More Equitable Real-World Evidence.

Artificial intelligence triage in general practice is developing rapidly within the primary care digital transformation, promising efficiency gains an...

Real-time digital prescriptions unlock influenza dynamics: evidence from 21 million transactions.

Traditional influenza surveillance suffers from 1-2 week reporting delays that compromise outbreak response. We analyzed 21.08 million digital prescri...

Early electrocardiographic repolarization changes are associated with subclinical cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction in lymphoma patients: A machine learning-assisted longitudinal study.

UNLABELLED: Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity remains a significant clinical challenge. We evaluated longitudinal electrocardiographic (ECG) repola...

Patterns of AI Use in Clinical Work by Hospitalists: Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are widely and freely available for clinical use. Understanding hospitalists' real-world adoption patte...

Artificial intelligence in preterm birth prediction: a narrative review of current approaches and clinical applicability.

Preterm birth remains the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting approximately 13.4 million births annually. Despite a...

Digital Technologies That Support Meaningful Connections in Care Homes: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Meaningful connections in which people feel valued, seen, and heard are essential for social health and well-being. However, individual, s...

Using artificial intelligence to identify drowning risk and protective factors present in media reports in metropolitan Houston, Texas.

BACKGROUND: Natural language processing (NLP) can process unstructured text to provide information on injuries but has not been used for drowning. We ...

Elucidating biopsychosocial mechanisms in migraine: an integrative analytics approach combining genetics, neuroimaging, and machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a complex and disabling neurological disorder shaped by the interplay of biological, psychological, and behavioral factors. Cu...

Hoof lesion detection in lactating Holsteins: Part II. Development and on-farm validation of a predictive classification model using autonomous camera system data compared to passive surveillance.

Hoof lesion detection remains a challenge in lameness management on dairy farms. Recent studies have proposed locomotion score (LS)-based thresholds u...

Inferring crowd crush accidents in typical high-density pedestrian movement zones via the vision-trajectory fusion neural network.

Pedestrian walking constitutes an indispensable mode of daily travel, yet recurrent high-density crowd gatherings in relevant facilities, e.g., holida...

Machine learning approaches to optimize the integration of sociodemographic factors for predicting cancer-specific survival among patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Sociodemographic factors influence the outcomes of prostate cancer (PCa); however, they are rarely incorporated into clinical risk predict...

Ecological and socioeconomic factors associated with globally reported tick-borne viruses.

BACKGROUND: Public health resources are often allocated based on reported disease cases. However, for under-recognized infectious diseases such as tic...

Factors associated with self-harm in patients with substance use disorders who died by suicide: national hybrid questionnaire registry study.

BACKGROUND: Self-harm, self-poisoning or self-injury, irrespective of the motivation, is a central risk factor for suicide. Still, there is limited kn...

Digital Skills Assessments in Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review.

IMPORTANCE: Digital skills are increasingly essential in performing daily activities. Occupational therapy practitioners require valid and accessible ...

Maternal and Pediatric Precision in Therapeutic Knowledge Portal (MPRINT-KP): Landscape Analysis of Pharmacology Research in Maternal and Pediatric Patient Populations.

Pregnant women and children have been underrepresented in clinical studies due to ethical concerns and perceived vulnerabilities. This resulted in a s...