Surveillance

Vendor-Agnostic Multisite Automated Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Reporting Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Optical Character Recognition: Impact on Workflow Efficiency and Accuracy.

To evaluate the operational impact and accuracy of a vendor-agnostic, artificial intelligence (AI)-based optical character recognition (OCR) system for drafting dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) reports across academic and community practice settings, we implemented a DXA reporting pipeline across four outpatient imaging sites within a single health system (two academic, two community). The s...

Algorithmic fairness in machine-learning models for determining the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular disease in racialized populations: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how algorithmic fairness is measured, operationalized, and reported in machine learning (ML) models designed to predict or support secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes including progression, recurrence, readmission, and post-index mortality in racialized populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-Sc...

Somalia's lifeline: Digitalization and AI.

Somalia's fragile health system, strained by decades of conflict, climate shocks, and persistently low immunization coverage, remains dangerously vuln...

Trends in Inguinal Hernia Repair Approach: An Augmented Evidence Review.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery has transformed inguinal hernia management; however, its utilization compared to open approaches remains poorly...

Automated Vocal Fatigue Screening in Professional Voice Users: Development and Occupational Validation of an Automated Assessment System.

INTRODUCTION: Professional voice users face an elevated risk of vocal injury from sustained occupational voice use, yet scalable tools for workplace s...

[Advances in phage therapy for pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae].

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has emerged as a formidable nosocomial pathogen in the era of antimicrobial resistance, with mortality from pneumonia cause...

DELTA: Strengthening human biological resilience with an N=1 digital health and dynamic biomarker protocol.

Societies are aging rapidly in parallel with the increasingly earlier onset of serious diseases in younger populations. These and other factors are cr...

Diagnostic decision-making, vertebral augmentation, and osteoporosis therapy in vertebral compression fractures: a narrative review.

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) represent the most prevalent osteoporotic fracture and constitute a growing cause of morbidity, mortality, and ...

Bridging the Diagnostic Gap: Reviewing Current Endometriosis Screening Tools and Models.

Background: Endometriosis affects 10% of reproductive-aged women globally and is one of the major causes of infertility. It is a debilitating, chronic...

A Machine Learning Pipeline to Analyze Global Sentiment and Factors Influencing Retinoblastoma Treatment Hesitancy: Observational Infodemiology Study.

BACKGROUND: The use of social media in cancer research, patient support, and information sharing has been well documented. OBJECTIVE: Using retinoblas...

Assessing Different Machine Learning Algorithms to Identify Traumatic Cardiac Arrest.

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic cardiac arrest differs from non-traumatic regarding epidemiology. This study evaluated five machine learning classifiers' ability...

Methods of Evaluating Large Language Model-Based Health Care Applications Used by Nonprofessionals: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in health care by nonprofessionals (ie, individuals without formal training in health-r...

Real-world evidence on antibiotic use among privately insured beneficiaries in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective analysis of claims data.

OBJECTIVES: Inappropriate and broad-spectrum antibiotic use contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and higher healthcare costs. In Saudi Arabia...

Nanomaterial-based latent fingerprint detection and artificial intelligence: from laboratory innovation to forensic practice.

BACKGROUND: Latent fingerprint (LFP) visualization and automated recognition are fundamental to forensic identification, yet conventional physicochemi...

Diagnostic accuracy of deep learning-assisted low-dose CT screening for lung cancer detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Deep learning (DL)-assisted low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) may improve lung cancer screening, but the available evidence is heterogen...

Real-world analysis of depression-related adverse events associated with the adsorbed anthrax vaccine: integrating pharmacovigilance signals, machine learning risk prediction, and transcriptomic mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: Anthrax remains a life-threatening zoonotic disease in resource-limited settings. Adsorbed anthrax vaccine (AVA, BioThrax) is the only Uni...

Advances and opportunities in point-of-care detection of toxic metals: a review of electrochemical and non-electrochemical approaches.

Heavy metal contamination remains a persistent global threat to human health and the environment, driving the urgent need for rapid, portable, and sen...

Preferences for AI-Enabled Health Care Technologies: Systematic Review of Discrete Choice Experiments and Reporting Quality Assessment Using the DIRECT Checklist.

BACKGROUND: AI is increasingly being integrated into health care, making it important to understand stakeholder preferences for AI-enabled technologie...

Predicting Prehospital Blood Transfusion After Motor Vehicle Trauma.

OBJECTIVES: Prehospital blood transfusion (PHBT) improves outcomes among patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock, yet the epidemiology and geographi...

Automated Features, Algorithms, and Technologies of Electronic Early Warning/Track-and-Trigger Systems: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Electronic early warning/track-and-trigger systems (EW/TTS) are crucial for patient monitoring, detecting clinical deterioration (CD), and...