Universal precautions

Development of machine learning-based personalized predictive models for risk evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis patients with low levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China is an urgent issue, necessitating early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to develop personalized predictive models by combining machine learning (ML) technology with a demographic, medical history, and noninvasive biomarker data. These models can enhance the decision-making capabilities of phy...

Real-time monitoring of activated sludge flocs via enhanced mask region-based Convolutional Neural networks.

The functionality of activated sludge in wastewater treatment processes depends largely on the structural and microbial composition of its flocs, which are complex assemblages of microorganisms and their secretions. However, monitoring these flocs in real-time and consistently has been challenging due to the lack of suitable technologies and analytical methods. Here we present a laboratory setup c...

Structured adaptive boosting trees for detection of multicellular aggregates in fluorescence intravital microscopy.

Fluorescence intravital microscopy captures large data sets of dynamic multicellular interactions within various organs such as the lungs, liver, and ...

Ameliorating Racial Disparities in HIV Prevention via a Nurse-Led, AI-Enhanced Program for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Utilization Among Black Cisgender Women: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a critical biomedical strategy to prevent HIV transmission among cisgender women. Despite its prove...

Mask-Shift-Inference: A novel paradigm for domain generalization.

Domain Generalization (DG) focuses on the Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, which is able to learn a robust model that generalizes the knowled...

Holistic understanding of trimethoprim resistance in using an integrative approach of genome-wide association study, resistance reconstruction, and machine learning.

UNLABELLED: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat worldwide. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has opened unprecedented opportunitie...

"Where No One Has Gone Before": Questions to Ensure the Ethical, Rigorous, and Thoughtful Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Analysis of HIV Research.

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) system released by OpenAI on November 30th, 2022, has upended scientific and educational paradigms, reshaping...

Polygonal Approximation Learning for Convex Object Segmentation in Biomedical Images With Bounding Box Supervision.

As a common and critical medical image analysis task, deep learning based biomedical image segmentation is hindered by the dependence on costly fine-g...

Optimal STI controls for HIV patients based on an efficient deep Q learning method.

We investigate an efficient computational tool to suggest useful treatment regimens for people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). S...

Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning methods to analyze diagnostic biomarkers for HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor. It is estimated that approximately 50-80% of HCC cases worldwide are caused by hepatitis b virus ...

Computer-aided prognosis of tuberculous meningitis combining imaging and non-imaging data.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of tuberculosis. Clinical features, such as coma, can predict death, but they are insufficient fo...

The Relationship Between Metal Exposure and HPV Infection: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning Methods.

HPV is a ubiquitous pathogen implicated in cervical and other cancers. Although vaccines are available, they do not encompass all subtypes. Meanwhile,...

Fuzzy Logic: vulnerability of women who have sex with women to sexually transmitted infections.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the possibility of applying Fuzzy Logic in analyzing the vulnerability of Women Who Have Sex with Women to Sexually Transmitted...

Exploring protein-mediated compaction of DNA by coarse-grained simulations and unsupervised learning.

Protein-DNA interactions and protein-mediated DNA compaction play key roles in a range of biological processes. The length scales typically involved i...

Computer-aided detection of tuberculosis from chest radiographs in a tuberculosis prevalence survey in South Africa: external validation and modelled impacts of commercially available artificial intelligence software.

BACKGROUND: Computer-aided detection (CAD) can help identify people with active tuberculosis left undetected. However, few studies have compared the p...

Robot-related injuries in the workplace: An analysis of OSHA Severe Injury Reports.

Industrial robots are increasingly commonplace, but research on prototypical accidents and injuries has been sparse, hindering evidence-based safety s...

Deep learning application of vertebral compression fracture detection using mask R-CNN.

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) of the thoracolumbar spine are commonly caused by osteoporosis or result from traumatic events. Early diagnosis...

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and machine learning as a promising tandem for fast viral detection in serum microsamples: A preclinical proof of concept.

Fast detection of viral infections is a key factor in the strategy for the prevention of epidemics expansion and follow-up. Hepatitis C is paradigmati...

Efficient multi-stage feedback attention for diverse lesion in cancer image segmentation.

In the domain of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems, the accurate identification of cancer lesions is paramount, given the life-threatening nature...

Early diagnosis of HIV cases by means of text mining and machine learning models on clinical notes.

Undiagnosed and untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases morbidity in the HIV-positive person and allows onward transmission o...