Universal precautions

KESOZI Digital Twin: Physics-Informed Neural Network for Independent Estimation and Prediction of Childhood Diarrheal Disease Burden in Kenya, Somaliland, and Zimbabwe

Childhood diarrheal disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in settings affected by inadequate sanitation, climate variability, malnutrition, and limited healthcare access. Conventional forecasting approaches are often constrained by sparse surveillance data, weak spatial representation, and limited incorporatio...

Comfort with AI for HIV Prevention Among Cisgender Women in New York City

Background: Long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) expands HIV prevention options for women. However, PrEP impact depends on addressing persistent gaps in awareness, access, and use. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including conversational agents, are being explored to advance PrEP uptake, but comfort with AI may influence their impact. Thus, we examined women's comfort with AI and its as...

The AFRIDIARRHEA multimodal fusion framework for Estimating the Burden of Diarrheal Diseases Among Children Under Five in Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Somaliland

Background: Accurate estimation of childhood diarrheal disease burden in Africa remains challenging because of limited surveillance, incomplete mortal...

High-dimensional Characterization of Genome-Environment Fitness Landscapes in Klebsiella pneumoniae

Background Bacterial fitness is shaped by interactions between genome variation and environmental context, yet how these interactions determine its pr...

Pathogen-specific antimicrobial activity prediction with biological large language model-based methods

Driven by the rise of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising therapeutics capable of targeting multidrug-re...

MedVol-R1: Reward-Driven Evidence Grounding for Volumetric Reasoning Segmentation

Volumetric Reasoning Segmentation (VRS) aims to segment a target region in a 3D medical scan from a free-form clinical query, where the referent is of...

Feedforward 3D Editing Learns from Semantic-Part Transformation

3D editing is a fundamental capability for scalable 3D content creation. While image editing has rapidly evolved toward large-scale feedforward genera...

VesselSim: learning 3D blood vessel segmentation without expert annotations

Blood vessel segmentation is a core task in medical image analysis for the care of vascular diseases and surgical planning, yet the challenges of prov...

Weakly Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection Based on the SAM Model and Mask Guidance

Camouflaged object detection (COD) from a single image is a challenging task due to the high similarity between objects and their surroundings. Existi...

Event-based Batting Impact Estimation

Estimating the precise timing of batting impact is crucial for understanding the rapid sensorimotor control. However, this task is challenging for RGB...

DeCoDrift: Stabilizing Decoder Coupling in Closed-Loop Foundation Segmentation

Foundation segmentation models such as Segment Anything Model (SAM) are now routinely used in iterative pipelines, where each predicted mask is fed ba...

Pixel-Level Pavement Distress Assessment Using Instance Segmentation

Automated pavement distress assessment requires more than image-level classification or coarse bounding box detection, demanding precise localization ...

Integrated Machine Learning-PanGWAS Reveals Chromosome-Encoded Persistence Networks and Plasmid Plasticity in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Escherichia coli

Background: Recurrent urinary tract infections(rUTI) represent a major clinical challenge due to persistent clinical symptoms, repeated antibiotic exp...

AgroVG: A Large-Scale Multi-Source Benchmark for Agricultural Visual Grounding

Visual grounding, the task of localizing objects described by natural-language expressions, is a foundational capability for agricultural AI systems, ...

Distributed Image Compression with Multimodal Side Information at Extremely Low Bitrates

Distributed Image Compression (DIC) is crucial for multi-view transmission, especially when operating at extremely low bitrates (< 0.1 bpp). Its core ...

SegCompass: Exploring Interpretable Alignment with Sparse Autoencoders for Enhanced Reasoning Segmentation

While large language models provide strong compositional reasoning, existing reasoning segmentation pipelines fail to transparently connect this reaso...

Comprehensive interaction profiling and machine learning prediction of bacteriophage infectivity across clinically diverse Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has driven renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy, where viruses that specifically kill bacte...

Real-World Validation of Machine Learning Models for HIV Treatment Adherence Prediction and Care Gap Quantification: A Multi-Country Analysis of 192,732 Clinical Records

Delayed diagnosis and poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence remain primary drivers of HIV-related morbidity in low-resource settings, yet real-w...

Structure and Dynamics of the HIV-1 Envelope Protein on the Virion Envelope

HIV-1 buds from infected cells as immature virion particles with a scattered envelope glycoprotein (Env) distribution on their envelope. It then under...

Token-Space Mask Prediction for Efficient Vision Transformer Segmentation

Query-based Vision Transformer segmentation models typically reconstruct dense spatial feature maps to predict masks, inheriting design patterns from ...