Universal precautions

GPAS: an online AI system for rapid and accurate pathogen identification and LLM-based interpretation

Accurate identification of unknown pathogens is critical for medicine and public health, yet current metagenomic workflows remain heavily dependent on specialized bioinformatics expertise and manual interpretation, creating substantial bottlenecks in time-sensitive diagnostic settings. The key challenges lie in achieving precise species identification amidst high background noise and translating c...

Learning Representations from Incomplete EHR Data with Dual-Masked Autoencoding

Learning from electronic health records (EHRs) time series is challenging due to irregular sam- pling, heterogeneous missingness, and the resulting sparsity of observations. Prior self-supervised meth- ods either impute before learning, represent missingness through a dedicated input signal, or optimize solely for imputation, reducing their capacity to efficiently learn representations that suppor...

Conserved dimerization architecture in C-type lectins from virus-vector mosquitoes

C-type lectins (CTLs) play key roles in innate immunity and microbial carbohydrate recognition. In the disease vector mosquito Aedes aegypti, the CTLD...

LLM-based reconstruction of longitudinal clinical trajectories in chronic liver disease.

Background: Liver cancer primarily develops in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), yet most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor ...

Conformal Prediction Sets for Instance Segmentation

Current instance segmentation models achieve high performance on average predictions, but lack principled uncertainty quantification: their outputs ar...

FusionEdit: Semantic Fusion and Attention Modulation for Training-Free Image Editing

Text-guided image editing aims to modify specific regions according to the target prompt while preserving the identity of the source image. Recent met...

Perspectives of HIV policy makers and program implementers regarding the design and utilization of HIV surveillance systems in Sub-Saharan African countries experiencing a declining HIV epidemic: a qualitative study

Background The burden of new HIV infections and HIV-related deaths have declined dramatically in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, current HIV survei...

Contour Refinement using Discrete Diffusion in Low Data Regime

Boundary detection of irregular and translucent objects is an important problem with applications in medical imaging, environmental monitoring and man...

VecSet-Edit: Unleashing Pre-trained LRM for Mesh Editing from Single Image

3D editing has emerged as a critical research area to provide users with flexible control over 3D assets. While current editing approaches predominant...

A labeled dataset of simulated phlebotomy procedures for medical AI: polygon annotations for object detection and human-object interaction

This data article presents a dataset of 11,884 labeled images documenting a simulated blood extraction (phlebotomy) procedure performed on a training ...

When LLaVA Meets Objects: Token Composition for Vision-Language-Models

Current autoregressive Vision Language Models (VLMs) usually rely on a large number of visual tokens to represent images, resulting in a need for more...

SLIM-Diff: Shared Latent Image-Mask Diffusion with Lp loss for Data-Scarce Epilepsy FLAIR MRI

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesions in epilepsy FLAIR MRI are subtle and scarce, making joint image--mask generative modeling prone to instability ...

Lung Nodule Image Synthesis Driven by Two-Stage Generative Adversarial Networks

The limited sample size and insufficient diversity of lung nodule CT datasets severely restrict the performance and generalization ability of detectio...

Persistent Proxy Discrimination in HIV Testing Prediction Models: A National Fairness Audit of 386,775 US Adults

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affects marginalized communities in the United States, with Black Americans comprisi...

Developing a multi-domain EHR foundation model for predicting Hepatitis B liver disease: a clinical perspective

Foundation models trained on patient electronic health records (EHRs) hold promise for transforming clinical care by enabling effective decision suppo...

Prototype Learning-Based Few-Shot Segmentation for Low-Light Crack on Concrete Structures

Crack detection is critical for concrete infrastructure safety, but real-world cracks often appear in low-light environments like tunnels and bridge u...

Segment and Matte Anything in a Unified Model

Segment Anything (SAM) has recently pushed the boundaries of segmentation by demonstrating zero-shot generalization and flexible prompting after train...

Transmission Dynamics of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Infection Rates: The Role of Avian Host Stage and Differential Mosquito Exposure

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a deadly arboviral pathogen with 30% severe case fatality. EEEV exhibits pronounced 2-3 year cyclical outb...

Sparse Data Tree Canopy Segmentation: Fine-Tuning Leading Pretrained Models on Only 150 Images

Tree canopy detection from aerial imagery is an important task for environmental monitoring, urban planning, and ecosystem analysis. Simulating real-l...

Jordan-Segmentable Masks: A Topology-Aware definition for characterizing Binary Image Segmentation

Image segmentation plays a central role in computer vision. However, widely used evaluation metrics, whether pixel-wise, region-based, or boundary-foc...