Urology

Artificial intelligence in the radiologic diagnosis of major urological cancers: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Given the pivotal role of imaging in diagnosing urological cancers, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to improve diagnostic accuracy and reliability. This study systematically evaluates the diagnostic performance of AI models in radiologic imaging of urological cancers. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases up to June 2026 to ...

Prognostication in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Current Tools, Clinical Gaps, and Future Directions.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent hereditary kidney disorder. While the disease is well-defined, its clinical course is highly variable, making the prediction of individual patient outcomes a significant challenge for clinicians and a source of psychological distress for those affected. Current prognostic tools fall into two primary categories: imaging-base...

Deep learning-supported image quantification of epithelial cell shapes and its application to polycystic kidney disease.

Cell shape is a fundamental determinant of tissue architecture and organ function. In epithelial tissues, cytoskeletal organization and apical junctio...

Altered default mode network homogeneity in chronic insomnia disorder: modulation by modified suanzaoren decoction and estazolam, and machine learning classification.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic Insomnia Disorder (CID) is characterized by maladaptive self-referential thinking linked to default mode network (DMN) dysfunction....

Real-Time Anatomy Recognition During Single-Port Retroperitoneal Surgery: A Prospective Comparison Between AI and Operating Surgeon.

BACKGROUND: Real-time anatomical recognition during robot-assisted surgery has the potential to enrich intraoperative decision-making. We made the fir...

Physician-Supervised ChatGPT-Assisted Versus Physician-Led Informed Consent for Reducing Preoperative Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether ChatGPT-assisted informed consent (IC) is noninferior to conventional physician-led IC in reducing preoperative anxiety (...

Machine learning-based prediction of Clavien-Dindo ≥ II complications after ureteroscopy.

PURPOSE: Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade II complications after ureteroscopy occur in approximately 13-17% of cases, typically involving infections or bleedi...

A 23-µJ-per-Frame All-on-Chip TinyML U-Net Processor for Real-Time Autonomous Image Segmentation in Miniaturized Ultrasound Devices.

Autonomous medical image segmentation enables critical applications, including urinary retention monitoring, prenatal fetal biometry, neuromodulation,...

Reporting of race and ethnicity in studies of artificial intelligence in pediatric urology A secondary analysis of the AI-PEDURO online repository.

INTRODUCTION: While an increasing number of artificial intelligence (AI) models are being developed in pediatric urology, the extent of race/ethnicity...

A multi-centre real-world evaluation of AI-assisted organ at risk contouring on radiotherapy treatment planning workflows.

OBJECTIVES: This multicentre real-world evaluation, commissioned by NHS England, evaluated the impact of AI-assisted contouring of organs at risk on c...

Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Driven Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Model of Renal Vasculature for Surgical Planning in Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy.

BACKGROUND: This single-centre study aimed to implement and internally validate a deep learning pipeline based on a 3D SegResNet architecture for auto...

A Pharmaco-Epidemiological Research Program Leveraging a Nationwide Database of Kidney Transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: The pharmaco-epidemiological research program in kidney transplantation (PERP-KT) aims to evaluate, for the principal maintenance immunosu...

Estimation of pulmonary function from time-resolved dynamic chest radiography using machine learning in patients with respiratory disease.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), particularly spirometry, are the reference standard for assessing airflow limitation in respiratory disea...

Hexagonal Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for High-Sensitivity Terahertz Glucose Detection.

Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly escalating global health concern, often leading to severe complications such as neuropathy, vision impairment, vascular...

Unraveling the Impact of Serum Zinc Levels on Chronic Kidney Disease: Machine Learning and SHAP Value Interpretation.

Zinc is an essential trace element involved in antioxidant defense, immune regulation, and metabolic homeostasis, but its association with chronic kid...

From Shadows to Signals: Exploring the Strengths and Limitations of AI in Breast Cancer Lesion Detection on Screening Mammograms Compared to Radiologists and Radiology Trainees.

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer screening with mammography reduces mortality, but interpretation errors persist. While artificial intelligence (AI) shows pr...

Baseline biochemical evaluation for etiologic differentiation in ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: machine learning and composite score analysis in a multicenter cohort of 566 patients.

BACKGROUND: Limited availability of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) currently complicates the differentiation of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-depe...

AI Aversion: Do People Trust and Accept Artificial Intelligence Risk Calculator Recommendations?

INTRODUCTION: Although medical risk calculators are increasingly being used for risk prediction in various contexts, prior research in this area sugge...

Residential pesticide exposure, mortality risk, and the potential mediating role of urinary metabolites: evidence from a nationally representative cohort.

Global warming has increased the risk of vector-borne diseases, leading to more widespread pesticide use. While health effects of occupational or agri...

Toward a Structured Imaging Reporting System for Kidney Masses: The Molecular Imaging Perspective on KI-RADS.

Recently, a structured approach to renal mass characterization known as the Kidney Imaging Reporting and Data System (KI-RADS) was proposed. In that p...