Urology

Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and therapy using sex and gender as precision biomarkers.

Sex and gender represent critical yet underutilized precision biomarkers in oncology, influencing cancer incidence, progression, treatment response, and survival outcomes. Biological sex, characterized by chromosomal, hormonal, and anatomical factors, directly influences tumor biology, immune responses, and therapy-related toxicities. Gender, encompassing social norms and behaviors, further impact...

Artificial intelligence for urodynamic studies: systematic review of methods, performance, and clinical applications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Interpretation of urodynamic studies (UDS) is essential for the assessment of lower urinary tract dysfunction but remains resource-intensive and highly operator-dependent. Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been applied to support urodynamic interpretation; however, the available evidence is heterogeneous and its clinical relevance remains uncertain. This syste...

Unveiling the role of air pollution in diabetic kidney disease: an integrated study combining network toxicology, machine learning, and Mendelian randomization.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major and severe complication associated with diabetes. Air pollution is not only an independent risk factor for me...

Mean airway pressure as an independent risk factor for developing acute kidney injury in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a multi-center retrospective analysis.

Mechanical ventilation is a well-recognized risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI), but the specific role of mean airway pressure (Pmean) remains i...

From conventional imaging software to artificial intelligence: tools for stone volume assessment in urolithiasis. Α review by the EAU and YAU sections of endourology.

INTRODUCTION: Accurate assessment of stone burden is fundamental in urolithiasis, as it directly influences treatment selection and prognostic evaluat...

Does vesicoureteral reflux severity impact breakthrough UTI risk: a multi-institutional analysis and risk stratification.

BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common urological disorder in children. To date, VUR severity is assessed by grading, and contemporary mo...

Cereulide-Mediated Emetic (Vomiting) Toxicity of Bacillus cereus in Infant Formula: Mitochondrial Mechanisms, Analytical Methods, and Risk Assessment.

Cereulide is a heat stable cyclic dodecadepsipeptide and potassium selective ionophore produced by Bacillus cereus, recognized as the causative agent ...

Multiparametric functional MRI for early detection of renal impairment: clinical applications and future directions.

Early identification of renal impairment is critical for improving patient outcomes. Most current biochemical markers of renal function are not sensit...

Machine Learning-Predicted Risk Trajectories for Incident Chronic Kidney Disease and Associations with Post-CKD Outcomes.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition where risk accumulates before clinical onset. However, strategies for evaluating CKD risk rema...

An interpretable 1⁸F-PSMA PET/CT-MRI model for optimizing prostate biopsy decisions.

PURPOSE: Distinguishing indolent from clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in biopsy-naïve men remains a diagnostic challenge, often leading...

Machine learning-based risk prediction of 28-day mortality for sepsis patients with augmented renal clearance.

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) frequently occurs in critically ill septic patients and is known to impact survival outcomes. To address this, we aime...

A Mechanistic Framework Integrating Renal QSP-PK-PD and Machine Learning for Baseline-Informed Stratification of Diuretic Resistance.

Diuretic resistance represents a major source of heterogeneity in loop diuretic response and remains a key barrier to effective decongestion in heart ...

Identification of diagnostic markers for diabetic kidney disease by weighted gene co‑expression network analysis and machine learning.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents a major complication associated with diabetes mellitus, notably contributing to patient morbidity and mortali...

Development of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting stress urinary incontinence following the delivery of a first child.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this research is to use machine learning (ML) techniques to create a risk prediction model for postpartum stress urinary inc...

The Evolution of Precision Anti-Doping From UGT2B17 Polymorphism Insights to Integrated Detection Frameworks.

Screening for endogenous anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse has long relied on the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio. However, this metr...

AI-enabled, enzyme-integrated photonic crystal sensor for real-time noninvasive visual uric acid detection.

Since uric acid (UA) serves as a critical biomarker for diagnosing metabolic disorders such as gout and hyperuricemia, developing noninvasive optical ...

AI-Empowered and a Bio-/Nanoenzyme-Hybrid Multisensors Array toward Precision Diagnosis of Kidney Diseases.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk assessment is shifting from centralized instrument-heavy testing to personalized point-of-care evaluation enabled by...

Integrated computational and experimental analysis explores FOLH1 expression patterns across cancers and nominates melatonin as a potential modulator in prostate cancer models.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that Folate Hydrolase 1 (FOLH1, also known as prostate-specific membrane antigen, PSMA) is aberrantly expressed...

Uric Acid to HDL-C Ratio as a Novel Biomarker for Sarcopenia: A National Study with Machine Learning Insights.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a major age-related health burden. Although the uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) has been linke...

Estimated glucose disposal rate and triglyceride-glucose index jointly predict mortality in advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome carries substantial mortality risk, yet the independent and joint prognostic roles ...