Urology

Oncologic results, functional outcomes, and complication rates of transperitoneal robotic assisted radical prostatectomy: single centre's experience.

BACKGROUND: We report the operative details and short term oncologic and functional outcome of the first 334 Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy experiences for organ confined prostate cancer

Weakly Supervised Instance-Level Gleason Pattern Estimation Using Primary and Secondary Labels

In prostate cancer histopathology, the Gleason Score is determined by the most frequent (Primary) and second most frequent (Secondary) Gleason patterns within a whole-slide image. Although these slide-level labels are routinely available in clinical practice, instance-level Gleason annotations are rarely provided, making patch-level learning challenging. We propose a Multiple Instance Learning (MI...

AI-Enabled Echocardiography Identifies an Adverse Epicardial Adiposity Phenotype Associated with Cardiometabolic Dysfunction

Background: Excess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) dysfunction, but its assessment has tradit...

Risk-Routed Implicit Boundary Refinement for Robust Ultrasound Image Segmentation

Medical ultrasound (US) image segmentation faces significant challenges due to speckle noise, low-contrast boundaries, acoustic shadowing, and acquisi...

HierarchicalDAEW: Domain-Aware Edge-Weighted Graph Convolution with Evidential Uncertainty for Multi-Section Spatial Gene Expression Prediction from H&E Histology

Spatial transcriptomics assays remain costly and technically demanding, restricting transcriptome-wide profiling to specialist settings and preventing...

Beyond eplet counts: machine learning integration of evolutionary distance and electrostatic divergence improves prediction of HLA-DQ donor-specific antibody formation after kidney transplantation

Background. The emergence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) against HLA-DQ reduces graft survival and limits future transplant options. Current pract...

Pathologist Attention-Aligned Report Generation for Prostate Histopathology

The allocation of visual attention by pathologists during cancer diagnosis is a highly selective process that critically shapes the information extrac...

Closed-loop control of in vitro neuronal activity using reinforcement learning after in silico pre-training

Controlling specific neuronal dynamics with electrical stimulation is critical for therapeutic neuromodulation, yet deriving optimal control policies ...

Coupled Cell-Intrinsic and Microenvironmental Heterogeneity Drives Divergent Trajectories in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Castration-resistant prostate cancer emerges from coupling between cell-intrinsic heterogeneity and microenvironmental constraints. Mechanistically di...

Identification of collagen features predictive of recurrence following radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer: a retrospective case control analysis

Background: Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are a recognised feature of aggressive prostate cancer, but they are not exploited in clinical d...

Causal-Adversarial Probing of Clinical Covariates for Prostate MRI Grading

Deep learning models for prostate MRI-based cancer grading may encode clinical covariates that either reflect useful disease-related signal or non-gen...

From Real-World Data to Virtual Intervention: A Probabilistic Neural Network for Simulating Kidney Function Preservation via Proteinuria Reduction

Predicting the long-term kidney function decline is critical for timely intervention but remains challenging. While the urinary protein-to-creatinine ...

TRACE-PCa: Predicting Prostate Cancer Progression from Longitudinal MRI During Active Surveillance

Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred strategy for favorable-risk prostate cancer, yet current protocols rely on scheduled repeat biopsies, most o...

Comparative analysis of discriminative and generative natural language processing pipelines for automated prostate magnetic resonance imaging reports

Objectives: Natural language processing (NLP) can enable scalable extraction of clinically relevant information from unstructured radiology reports re...

From Many to Meaningful: Feature-Guided Zero-Shot Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Using Large Language Models

Early screening of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential for preventing irreversible progression; however, many machine learning (ML)-based screen...

Diffusion MRI preprocessing affects ADC estimation and automatic PI-RADS v2.1 classification in bi-parametric prostate MRI

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is acquired as part of bi-parametric prostate MRI, but suffers from artifacts that degrade downstream quantitative an...

Automated Disease Activity Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Privacy-Preserving Large Language Models

The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) is a crucial but labor-intensive tool for managing SLE. We developed a privac...

Assessment of Zero-Shot Large Language Model (LLM) Assisted Clinical Trial Matching Processes: A Metastatic Cancer Use Case

Introduction: For oncology patients with limited treatment options, clinical trials may be a critical lifesaving pathway. Identifying relevant trials,...

Semantic fragment representations for coordinate-free analysis of genomics data

Many genomic assays begin with individual DNA fragments, but standard analysis quickly collapses those molecules into counts over genomic intervals. R...

AI-enabled Spatial Profiling of Circulating Tumor-Immune Ecosystems Predicts Patient Outcomes Across Cancers

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and immune cells form dynamic multicellular ecosystems in blood, but their spatial organization and clinical relevance ...