Urology

Aleatoric uncertainty in accelerated prostate MRI reconstruction: echo-train dropout versus Gaussian noise Monte Carlo sampling.

PURPOSE: Although undersampling combined with deep learning (DL)-based reconstruction shortens MRI acquisition, it increases the chance of inaccuracies, highlighting the need for quantifiable uncertainty measures. Two inference-time perturbation strategies, echo-train dropout (ET-Drop) and Gaussian noise Monte Carlo sampling (GN-MC), were compared in terms of the correlation between their variance...

Overdiagnosis in renal cancer: the hidden consequence of modern imaging.

The global burden of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has risen substantially over the past three decades, while mortality rates have remained largely stable. This epidemiologic paradox suggests that a significant proportion of detected renal tumors may reflect overdiagnosis. This review synthesizes current evidence on the magnitude, drivers, and implications of overdiagnosis in RCC, integrating epidemi...

Development and validation of an early prediction model for bee-sting-induced acute kidney injury using machine learning.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe and frequent complication following bee stings, with a reported incidence of 30-50%. Early identification is cli...

DS-MTNet: A dual-stream multi-task network for histopathology localization and histologic risk stratification from small biopsy specimens of bladder cancer.

Accurate histologic risk stratification of bladder cancer (BC) from whole-slide images (WSIs) remains challenging due to complex cellular spatial orga...

Employing network toxicology, molecular docking, machine learning, and single-cell analysis to analyze BPA exposure-induced ccRCC.

This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying bisphenol A (BPA)-induced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We integrated transcrip...

Exploring osteoporosis risk in breast cancer patients after comprehensive treatment via explainable artificial intelligence algorithms.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a common complication among long-term breast cancer (BC) survivors. Assessment of osteoporosis risk of patients before the...

AI-Informed Architectural Insights of Three-Dimensional Glandular Networks Identify Prostate Cancer Patients at a Higher Risk of Biochemical Recurrence.

Pathologists diagnose and grade prostate cancer using thin two-dimensional (2D) histological sections, but these 3-5 micron sections are too thin to v...

Explainable Electronic Medical Record-Based Machine Learning to Predict 1-Year Incident Protein-Energy Wasting in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Single-Center Development Study.

BACKGROUND: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is linked to poor outcomes. Early risk stratification may enabl...

Quantum Dot Encoding for In-Solution Single-Molecule Biomarker Counting in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Digital assays are in wide development for biomarker quantification at the single-molecule level, but the common use of surface pull-down steps limits...

Integrative transcriptomic and single-cell analysis reveals metabolic reprogramming and hexosamine biosynthesis-mediated tumor microenvironment remodeling in prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men and exhibits substantial clinical heterogeneity. A considerable proportion o...

Optimizing Deep Learning for Renal Mass Characterization in Challenging Cases: A Comparative Study of Spatial-Input Strategies and a Validated ROI-Only DLR Nomogram.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to develop and validate an integrated clinical deep learning radiomics (DLR) nomogram for differentiation of fat-poor angiomy...

Optimizing Renal Fibrosis Assessment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Feature and Decision-Level Fusion in Machine Learning Using Clinical and Ultrasound Information.

PURPOSE: Machine learning has been extensively applied in nephrology. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various information...

AI based prediction of post prostatectomy urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life: development and validation study.

Urinary incontinence can affect up to 53% of patients after radical prostatectomy, yet prediction tools rely on binary outcomes, missing heterogeneous...

Multi expert integrated algorithm for kidney biopsy triage.

Clinical decision-making often exhibits substantial inter-physician variability when evaluating identical patient data, limiting the reliability of co...

In silico discovery of novel small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitors through a multi-stage computational workflow integrating machine learning and molecular dynamics.

Cancer immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has transformed modern oncology; however, developing small-molecule inhibitors as viable alterna...

Integrating single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses to explore key lactylation-related genes in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent age-related disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and abnormal ce...

Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and therapy using sex and gender as precision biomarkers.

Sex and gender represent critical yet underutilized precision biomarkers in oncology, influencing cancer incidence, progression, treatment response, a...

Artificial intelligence for urodynamic studies: systematic review of methods, performance, and clinical applications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Interpretation of urodynamic studies (UDS) is essential for the assessment of lower urinary tract dysfunction but remains re...

Unveiling the role of air pollution in diabetic kidney disease: an integrated study combining network toxicology, machine learning, and Mendelian randomization.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major and severe complication associated with diabetes. Air pollution is not only an independent risk factor for me...

Mean airway pressure as an independent risk factor for developing acute kidney injury in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a multi-center retrospective analysis.

Mechanical ventilation is a well-recognized risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI), but the specific role of mean airway pressure (Pmean) remains i...