Urology

Using precision medicine methods to identify disease stages for chronic limb-threatening ischemia in participants of the BEST-CLI trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the most severe form of peripheral artery disease, is associated with a high risk of limb loss. CLTI clinical presentation is highly heterogeneous, ranging from neuropathic ulcers with only mild to moderate ischemia to gangrene resulting from severe ischemia. Understanding the etiology and limb- and systemic-based disease patterns, as well as d...

A brief review of some artificial intelligence methods in nephrology.

This brief, focused review considers two of the more commonly used artificial intelligence (AI) methods encountered in nephrology publications: machine vision based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and chatbots, such as ChatGPT, based on large language models. It is intended to offer a mostly non-technical, intuitive understanding of these methods, including their uses and limitations. CNNs...

"PD-PREDICT": A Machine Learning Model for Patient Survival in Peritoneal Dialysis.

Accurate survival prediction in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is essential for personalized treatment planning and shared decision-making. We deve...

Histopathology-based Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Prediction of Prostate Cancer Metastasis After Radical Prostatectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been validated to predict prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis using com...

Utility of the PROSTest, a Novel Blood-Based Molecular Assay, Versus PSA for Prostate Cancer Stratification and Detection of Disease.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid organ cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. PSA help...

Multi-omics and machine learning framework reveals ABCG2 as a therapeutic target of Eleven Flavored Shenqi Tablets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eleven Flavored Shenqi Tablets (EFST) is a classical multi-herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, tradit...

Artificial-Intelligence-based Surgical Phase Recognition in Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy and Cross-Surgeon Validation.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown potential in various fields; however, its practical application in surgery remains limited. We deve...

Comment on 'Can ChatGPT pass the urology fellowship examination? Artificial intelligence capability in surgical training assessment'.

Fully automated volumetric assessment of tumor burden using artificial intelligence on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET predicts survival after 177Lu-PSMA therapy in metastatic Castration-resistant prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Despite the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered automated segmentation tools for PET/CT imaging, their prognostic value...

Utility of multimodal deep learning model to diagnose lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer using computed tomography and positron emission tomography images.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the performance of a deep learning model using multimodal imaging for detecting lymph node metastasis in esophagea...

Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury: What's New in 2025?

Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication that affects outcomes well beyond the perioperative period. Its mechanisms remain i...

Virtual screening and experimental validation of small-molecule compounds targeting AR in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer ranks as the second most prevalent malignancy among men, with its progression predominantly driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling...

Prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia lesions segmentation using diffusion kurtosis imaging, T2*, and R2* mapping with U-Net++ algorithm.

This study aimed to propose a deep learning-based segmentation framework to delineate prostate lesions across multiple MRI acquisitions and derived pa...

Evaluating the Clinical Competence of Large Language Models in Prostate Cancer Management: A Comparative Study of DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) have gained prominence in medical applications, yet their performance in specialized clinical tasks remains u...

Blood urea nitrogen-to-lipid ratios are novel indices inversely associated with anxiety: Insights from NHANES.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a highly prevalent mental disorder linked to metabolic and renal dysregulation. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lipid profiles ha...

Associations of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Mass Index With Clinical Outcomes in Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: An Observational Study.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Low muscle mass is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. In this study, we examined the relationship between muscle mass an...

Accelerating 2D Kidney Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Using Deep Learning Based Tissue Quantification.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) is a technique that can provide rapid quantification of multiple tissue properties. Deep learning ...

A hybrid decision support system using rule-based and AI methods: the OnCATs knowledge-based framework.

BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can improve evidence-based oncology care, but many rely on opaque AI models that...

Discrimination of urine infrared spectral biomarkers for early-stage chronic kidney disease patients using attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectrometry.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent non-communicable disorder lacking a gold standard method for diagnosis. Early-stage CKD remains und...

Development and validation of a nomogram combining PI-RADS v2.1 and clinical indicators for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with PSA ≤ 20 ng/mL.

PURPOSE: This investigation focused on developing a predictive clinical tool that combines biparametric MRI-derived PI-RADS v2.1 assessments with pati...