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Likelihood Functions

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Estimating the Population Average Treatment Effect in Observational Studies with Choice-Based Sampling.

The international journal of biostatistics
We consider causal inference in observational studies with choice-based sampling, in which subject enrollment is stratified on treatment choice. Choice-based sampling has been considered mainly in the econometrics literature, but it can be useful for...

Multi-task learning improves ancestral state reconstruction.

Theoretical population biology
We consider the ancestral state reconstruction problem where we need to infer phenotypes of ancestors using observations from present-day species. For this problem, we propose a multi-task learning method that uses regularized maximum likelihood to e...

Iterative PET Image Reconstruction Using Convolutional Neural Network Representation.

IEEE transactions on medical imaging
PET image reconstruction is challenging due to the ill-poseness of the inverse problem and limited number of detected photons. Recently, the deep neural networks have been widely and successfully used in computer vision tasks and attracted growing in...

Classification, substrate specificity and structural features of D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases: 2HADH knowledgebase.

BMC evolutionary biology
BACKGROUND: The family of D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases (2HADHs) contains a wide range of oxidoreductases with various metabolic roles as well as biotechnological applications. Despite a vast amount of biochemical and structural data...

On the importance of hidden bias and hidden entropy in representational efficiency of the Gaussian-Bipolar Restricted Boltzmann Machines.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society
In this paper, we analyze the role of hidden bias in representational efficiency of the Gaussian-Bipolar Restricted Boltzmann Machines (GBPRBMs), which are similar to the widely used Gaussian-Bernoulli RBMs. Our experiments show that hidden bias play...

EMR-based medical knowledge representation and inference via Markov random fields and distributed representation learning.

Artificial intelligence in medicine
OBJECTIVE: Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain medical knowledge that can be used for clinical decision support (CDS). Our objective is to develop a general system that can extract and represent knowledge contained in EMRs to support three CDS ...

Data-Adaptive Estimation for Double-Robust Methods in Population-Based Cancer Epidemiology: Risk Differences for Lung Cancer Mortality by Emergency Presentation.

American journal of epidemiology
In this paper, we propose a structural framework for population-based cancer epidemiology and evaluate the performance of double-robust estimators for a binary exposure in cancer mortality. We conduct numerical analyses to study the bias and efficien...

Max-margin weight learning for medical knowledge network.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The application of medical knowledge strongly affects the performance of intelligent diagnosis, and method of learning the weights of medical knowledge plays a substantial role in probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). The p...

Collaborative targeted learning using regression shrinkage.

Statistics in medicine
Causal inference practitioners are routinely presented with the challenge of model selection and, in particular, reducing the size of the covariate set with the goal of improving estimation efficiency. Collaborative targeted minimum loss-based estima...

Online cross-validation-based ensemble learning.

Statistics in medicine
Online estimators update a current estimate with a new incoming batch of data without having to revisit past data thereby providing streaming estimates that are scalable to big data. We develop flexible, ensemble-based online estimators of an infinit...