Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of medical education, yet the widespread adoption of general-purpose AI tools in student learning raises substantial concerns about curricular alignment, information accuracy, and th... read more 

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. However, patients exhibit heterogeneous responses to radiotherapy, and a subset of individuals develops resistance, which severely compromises clinical outcomes. The underly... read more 

Membrane proteins undergo functionally essential conformational transitions that couple local chemical events and changes in the membrane environment to large-scale structural rearrangements. These transitions are often difficult to capture with conv... read more 

PURPOSE: Accurate stopping power ratio (SPR) estimation is essential for proton therapy dose calculation; however, SPR and related functional images-electron density (ED), effective atomic number (Zeff), and iodine concentration (IC)-currently requir... read more 

Background: Recent work has brought large language models (LLMs) into clinical variant interpretation. In most existing approaches, the model is confined to text-level operations, retrieving, extracting, compacting, and summarizing heterogeneous evid... read more 

Background: Many radiology decisions, such as whether a report describes a finding or how urgently a study should be read, are choices among a fixed set of answers. Decision models return a probability for each permitted answer in one step, without g... read more 

Purpose: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy have become widely adopted as a first-line treatment approach for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced... read more 

Objectives: To assess the feasibility and early performance of an AI-assisted screening workflow that reviews inpatient discharge summaries to identify potential treatment injuries for clinician review and, where appropriate, Accident Compensation Co... read more 

Background: Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is a major complication of chronic right ventricular pacing and develops in up to 25% of patients. Reliable prediction of PICM may facilitate individualized pacing strategy selection; however, currentl... read more 

Clinical foundation models learn patterns in longitudinal health records that can be reused across prediction tasks. However, the relative strengths of representation-based and generation-based prediction across clinical tasks remain unclear. Using l... read more