Clinical Trials

Nonparametric machine learning for precision medicine with longitudinal clinical trials and Bayesian additive regression trees with mixed models.

Precision medicine is an active area of research that could offer an analytic paradigm shift for clinical trials and the subsequent treatment decisions based on them. Clinical trials are typically analyzed with the intent of discovering beneficial treatments if the same treatment is applied to the entire population under study. But, such a treatment strategy could be suboptimal if subsets of the p...

The effect of diabetes on major robotic hepatectomy.

Studies regarding the influence of diabetes on perioperative outcomes after major hepatectomy are conflicting. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of diabetes on patients undergoing robotic major hepatectomy. With Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, 94 patients undergoing major hepatectomy were prospectively followed. Demographic data and postoperative outcomes were analyz...

Dog galloping on rough terrain exhibits similar limb co-ordination patterns and gait variability to that on flat terrain.

Understanding how animals regulate their gait during locomotion can give biological insight and inspire controllers for robots. Why animals use the ga...

MRI-based clinical-radiomics model predicts tumor response before treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) represents the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced ...

A randomized controlled trial on the effects induced by robot-assisted and usual-care rehabilitation on upper limb muscle synergies in post-stroke subjects.

Muscle synergies are hypothesized to reflect connections among motoneurons in the spinal cord activated by central commands and sensory feedback. Robo...

Simulated muscle activity in locomotion: implications of co-occurrence between effort minimisation and gait modularity for robot-assisted rehabilitation therapy.

Evolution of gait rehabilitation robotic devices for stroke survivors has aimed at providing transparency to user's efforts and implementing 'assist-a...

Lung protective ventilation strategy to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A randomized double blinded clinical trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ventilation with low tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on postoperative pulmonary c...

The EU medical device regulation: Implications for artificial intelligence-based medical device software in medical physics.

Medical device manufacturers are increasingly applying artificial intelligence (AI) to innovate their products and to improve patient outcomes. Health...

Toward assessing clinical trial publications for reporting transparency.

OBJECTIVE: To annotate a corpus of randomized controlled trial (RCT) publications with the checklist items of CONSORT reporting guidelines and using t...

Learning From Past Respiratory Infections to Predict COVID-19 Outcomes: Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: For the clinical care of patients with well-established diseases, randomized trials, literature, and research are supplemented with clinic...

Efficacy of Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Differential-Diagnosis List on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Physicians: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Study.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automated medical-history-taking systems with AI-driven differential-diagnosis lists o...

Effectiveness of robotic balance training on postural instability in patients with mild Parkinson's disease: A pilot, single blind, randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether tailored robotic platform training could improve postural stability compared with conventional balance treatment in pati...

A deep learning methodology for the automated detection of end-diastolic frames in intravascular ultrasound images.

Coronary luminal dimensions change during the cardiac cycle. However, contemporary volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis is performed in...

Quantifying the automated vehicle safety performance: A scoping review of the literature, evaluation of methods, and directions for future research.

Vehicle automation safety must be evaluated not only for market success but also for more informed decision-making about Automated Vehicles' (AVs) dep...

Integration of automated vehicles in mixed traffic: Evaluating changes in performance of following human-driven vehicles.

The introduction of Automated Vehicles (AVs) into the transportation network is expected to improve system performance, but the impacts of AVs in mixe...

Effect of assist-as-needed robotic gait training on the gait pattern post stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Regaining gait capacity is an important rehabilitation goal post stroke. Compared to clinically available robotic gait trainers, robots wi...

A Review of Robotic Interventional Neuroradiology.

Robotic interventional neuroradiology is an emerging field with the potential to enhance patient safety, reduce occupational hazards, and expand syste...

The effects of virtual reality augmented robot-assisted gait training on dual-task performance and functional measures in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled single-blind trial.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated positive effects of virtual reality (VR) and robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) on balance, gait skills, f...

Potential of Raman spectroscopy in facilitating pharmaceutical formulations development - An AI perspective.

Drug development is time-consuming and inherently possesses a high failure rate. Pharmaceutical formulation development is the bridge that links a new...

Comparison of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Patient Decision Aid vs Educational Material on Decision Quality, Shared Decision-Making, Patient Experience, and Functional Outcomes in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Decision aids can help inform appropriate selection of total knee replacement (TKR) for advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, few de...