COPD

Diagnostic accuracy of electronic medical record retrieval methods and a large language model for identifying cardiovascular events: a multisite retrospective validation study in a medical system in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of four available automated electronic medical record (EMR) retrieval methods, including a large language model (LLM)-assisted workflow, against manual chart adjudication for identifying cardiovascular events. DESIGN: Retrospective diagnostic accuracy study. SETTING: Three sites within a single US tertiary health system. PARTICIPANTS: Two adult cohorts...

Using AI to determine optimal cost-effective diagnostic pathways for chronic breathlessness.

Breathlessness is a common symptom in clinical practice, yet evidence for cost-effective strategies to diagnose the underlying health conditions causing breathlessness remains limited. Using Swedish population data with individuals with moderate to severe breathlessness, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI) reinforcement learning model to identify optimal, low-cost diagnostic pathways for ...

Radiomics-Based AI for Predicting Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Pathological Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate early prediction of response ...

Prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance in People Living With Cystic Fibrosis Using Machine Learning.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing challenge in people living with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), who often experience chronic lung infection and re...

Large language models in respiratory care: safety and clinical integration.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly entering respiratory medicine workflows. Their clinical role remains unclear. A central concern i...

Added Value of Expiratory CT in Chronic Airflow Limitation.

BACKGROUND: Expiratory CT and lobar analysis may provide complementary information to inspiratory CT and spirometry for identifying chronic airflow li...

[Diagnostic efficacy and teaching value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems in cervical liquid-based cytology screening].

Objective: To systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostic system in identifying squamous...

Stepwise Diagnostic Evaluation of Chinese Large Language Models: Comparative Study of Common and Rare Diseases.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in clinical decision support, yet their diagnostic performance in Chinese-language s...

Sharp nanothorn-equipped ionogel microrobots for targeted periodontitis therapy.

Periodontitis necessitates targeted therapy due to its high prevalence, progressive tissue destruction, and systemic disease links. Conventional mecha...

Machine Learning Classification of Prevalent Chronic Disease Using Multidimensional Social, Behavioral, and Psychological Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2024 National Health Interview Survey.

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases account for approximately 90% of the $4.5 trillion annual healthcare expenditure in the United States. While traditional ...

Deep Learning Estimation of Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second/Forced Vital Capacity and Obstructive Lung Disease Classification From Chest Radiographs With Subgroup Performance Analysis in a North American Cohort: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Spirometry is the standard physiological test defining airflow obstruction, the key criterion for diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary...

Accuracy, Usefulness, and Impact Variability of ChatGPT-4 for COPD Medication Management: A Modified Delphi Study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management is complex and rapidly evolving. ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) shown to ...

Theranostic innovation in infectious lung diseases: integrating biotechnology and nanotechnology for precision medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: Infectious lung diseases, including pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), COVID-19, influenza, and emerging fungal infections, are...

Can large language models help in the assessment of people with pain?

Chronic pain (CP) affects an important proportion of the global population, imposing a significant socio-economic burden and serving as a leading caus...

Chest CT in the evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: recommendations of Asian Society of Thoracic Radiology.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant public health challenge globally, with Asia facing unique burdens due to varying demogra...

Estimation of pulmonary function from time-resolved dynamic chest radiography using machine learning in patients with respiratory disease.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), particularly spirometry, are the reference standard for assessing airflow limitation in respiratory disea...

Machine learning-based molecular detection using dark-field observation of two different nanoparticles.

Metal nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), are widely used as biosensing materials. In previous studies, dark-field microscopy (DFM) has...

Integrative multi-omics and machine learning identify CHRNA1 putative circadian-immune hub in COPD.

BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythm disruption is increasingly recognized as a contributor to chronic inflammatory disorders; however, its specific significa...

MULTIPREVENT: Integrated screening for smoking-related multimorbidity using low-dose chest computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: Tobacco consumption, combined with individual genetic predispositions, contributes to an age-dependent risk not only for lung cancer but a...

Sex-specific machine learning improves prediction of incident and prevalent COPD.

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography imaging with machine learning can predict incident and prevalent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however...