COVID-19

Operationalising One Health for epidermal parasitic skin diseases: threshold-triggered mass drug administration and a minimal indicator set.

Epidermal parasitic skin diseases (EPSDs)-including scabies, pediculosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, tungiasis and cutaneous larva migrans-affect millions worldwide yet remain neglected within global health programmes. Control is hindered by delayed diagnosis, fragmented service delivery, weak surveillance and limited integration of human, animal and environmental interventions. This review operatio...

Circulating MicroRNA Signatures in Severe Alopecia Areata: Diagnostic Discrimination, Pathway Analysis, and Therapeutic Implications.

INTRODUCTION: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss due to immune dysregulation. Despite advances, its precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates plasma microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in patients with AA to identify biological pathways influenced by miRNAs and potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: A total of 50 pati...

Antibody-drug conjugate design and mechanisms of action for cancer treatment: state of the art and beyond.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a leading area of targeted cancer therapeutics, typically combining a tumour-associated antigen-specific antibody ...

Cough acoustic analysis using artificial intelligence for COVID-19 detection: A comparative study of patient cohorts from Lima, Peru and Montreal, Canada.

PURPOSE: Digital cough screening for COVID-19 detection shows promise, but population differences in cough acoustics and screening accuracy require in...

Identification and validation of NETs-associated biomarkers in osteoporosis with diabetes.

Osteoporosis and diabetes represent major global public health challenges. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) serve as key components of the innate...

Adaptive lightweight mask R-CNN model for underwater debris instance segmentation and classification towards sustainable marine waste management.

The rapid accumulation of marine debris poses a substantial threat to ocean ecosystems, specifically the degradation of plastics, composite materials,...

Identification of hypoxia-related gene signatures and molecular subtypes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is a common and severe subtype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), characterized by persist...

Machine Learning for Predicting Colorectal Cancer-Specific Mortality: The Role of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Public Policy.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We investigated whether adding socioeconomic information to machine lear...

AI-Derived Electronic Tumor Marker For Cancer Antigen 19-9 Nonproducers With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

IMPORTANCE: Cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is used to assess treatment response among patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, ne...

Text-guided automatic segmentation of clinical target volume in rectal cancer radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Current automatic segmentation models in radiotherapy, which are predominantly unimodal and image-based, have limited generalizability due ...

Manufacturing-aware generative models enable petascale synthesis of designed DNA.

Generative modeling offers a robust framework for designing functional DNA, RNA and protein sequences. However, physical synthesis of these sequences ...

Predicting risk of Plasmodium vivax microscopy-detected episodes using serological markers in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a multi-country diagnostic performance evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax presents a significant obstacle to malaria elimination due to its capacity to form dormant liver-stage hypnozoites that c...

Decoding the immune-tumor synapse for data-driven design of next-generation immunotherapies.

The immunological synapse (IS) formed between cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) and tumor cells represents the critical interface where many immunot...

Distillation-SAM: Knowledge Distillation Based Auto-prompt Embedding Learning for Surgical Image Segmentation.

Surgical image segmentation is vital for various stages of surgical procedures, from preoperative planning to real-time navigation and postoperative a...

Machine learning identifies novel signatures of antifungal drug resistance in Saccharomycotina yeasts.

Antifungal drug resistance is a major challenge in fungal infection management. Numerous genomic changes are known to contribute to acquired drug resi...

Molecular and Pharmacogenetic Marker Evaluation in Relation to the Toxicity and Clinical Response of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment in Indian Children (MPGx-INDALL): Protocol for a Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Understanding interindividual variability in treatment response and toxicity is essential for optimizing outcomes in pediatric acute lymph...

Integrated molecular and clinical profiling of primary mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders in an Indian cohort: Insights from genetics, neuroimaging, and machine learning.

Primary mitochondrial disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and remain underdiagnosed in resource-limited settings. We performed a re...

A dual-branch graph neural network architecture for drug-target binding affinity prediction.

Graph Neural Networks have emerged as a powerful paradigm for artificial intelligence driven drug discovery, offering molecular representation learnin...

Toward Reaction Vessel Mimicry: Machine Learning-Assisted Automated Exploration of Alkene Polymerization and Its Transferability.

Automated reaction path network exploration and product identification through kinetic analysis are essential for mimicking real reaction vessels. A c...

The impact of stability considerations on genetic fine-mapping.

Fine-mapping methods, which aim to identify genetic variants responsible for complex traits following genetic association studies, typically assume th...