Critical Care

Evaluation of two large language models for intensive care unit discharge decisions: a prospective observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), ChatGPT and Gemini, in predicting Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge decisions (discharge vs. non-discharge). By comparing their outputs with decisions made by ICU physicians, we sought to determine the alignment of AI-generated recommendations with expert clinical judgment and...

Automated dairy cattle body condition score using side-view images and deep learning.

Body condition score (BCS) is key to assessing the health, productivity, and energy balance of dairy cows. However, traditional manual methods are time-intensive, dependent on evaluator experience, and prone to subjective biases, limiting large-scale, frequent monitoring. In smallholder settings, where regular BCS monitoring and nutrition advisory support are unavailable, rationing often focuses o...

3D-Printed Conductive Aerogel Humidity Sensor for Advanced Wearable Sleep and Health Monitoring.

Recent advances in personalized sleep medicine and home-based health monitoring have grown rapidly, yet progress remains limited by the lack of comfor...

Assessment system for short-term lower cranial nerve dysfunction following medulla oblongata glioma surgery: risk stratification and optimal surgical strategy.

OBJECTIVE: Medullary gliomas pose significant surgical risks, particularly the risk of postoperative lower cranial nerve (LCN) dysfunction, which prof...

YOLOv10-based multi-scale variant object detection for multi-category PPE non-compliance monitoring on construction sites.

Multi-category Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) non-compliance monitoring on construction sites remains challenging because visual cues for missing...

Development and validation of a machine learning-based diagnostic system for 22 pediatric respiratory pathogens: a large-scale multicenter study.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a significant cause of morbidity in children, caused by a wide range of pathogens. As treatment strategies dep...

MSTM-Net: a two-stage prostate cancer segmentation network based on swin-transformer-mamba architecture.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a core imaging modality for prostate cancer screening and diagnosis. Accurate and automatic se...

The Tip of the Iceberg: Pathway Biology Must Anchor the Next Generation of Critical Care Trials.

Heterogeneity of treatment effect has yielded decades of negative critical care trials. Syndromic diagnoses like sepsis and acute respiratory distress...

Artificial Intelligence in Hospice and Palliative Care: A Systematic Review of Its Role in Interprofessional Shared Decision-Making Care.

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into hospice and palliative care to support clinical decision-making across clinicia...

Integrated multi-endpoint hazard prioritization of unregulated industrial contaminants: A safety-first screening framework for emerging environmental threats.

The rapid expansion of the industrial chemical space has outpaced regulatory oversight, creating a critical regulatory and environmental blind spot re...

Integrated analysis of human-mouse gut microbiota in RSV infection based on machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, but effective treatment options re...

Artificial intelligence in emergency mechanical ventilation: a prospective observational comparison with emergency physician ventilator settings.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to support clinicians in high-risk and complex decision-making processes, such as mechanica...

Capsid Engineering of Adeno-Associated Viruses for Targeted Gene Therapy in Kidney Diseases.

The global burden of chronic and genetic kidney diseases poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. Current therapies, including dialysis, t...

Nonlinear meteorological controls on coastal air quality along the Indian East Coast: Insights from a multi-city interpretable machine learning framework.

This study investigates the role of meteorological variability in shaping ambient air quality across five coastal cities along the Indian East Coast (...

Deriving Clavien-Dindo Classification from Administrative Data: Development and External Validation in Hepatobiliary Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Routine electronic health records (HER)/administrative data could enable time- and cost-efficient, real-time surveillance and health-eco...

Time-updated explainable machine learning predicts short-term mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a time-updated, explainable machine learning (ML) early-warning system for short-term mortality ri...

Machine learning-based prognostic model integrating preoperative HALP score and lactate dehydrogenase for predicting postoperative recurrence of prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) remains a major clinical challenge, and traditional risk assessment sys...

EZPro-Multi: Contrastive Learning-Enhanced Multi-property Prediction for Enzyme Engineering.

Accurately predicting the functional attributes of enzyme mutants is crucial for accelerating enzyme engineering and optimizing biocatalytic systems. ...

Genome-Wide Association Study and Fine Mapping Uncover Key Genetic Loci and Credible Genes of Intracranial Aneurysm and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common neurovascular disorder; rupture causes aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with high mortality. Desp...

Reassessing the Heterogeneous Effects of Greenspace on Air Pollution Conditioned on Seasons, Vegetation Types, and Street Structures.

Urban greenspace is generally assumed to mitigate air pollution. However, clear large-scale real-world evidence remains limited, particularly regardin...