Critical Care

Path-specific effects for pulse-oximetry guided decisions in critical care

Identifying and measuring biases associated with sensitive attributes is a crucial consideration in healthcare to prevent treatment disparities. One prominent issue is inaccurate pulse oximeter readings, which tend to overestimate oxygen saturation for dark-skinned patients and misrepresent supplemental oxygen needs. Most existing research has revealed statistical disparities linking device erro...

MTabVQA: Evaluating Multi-Tabular Reasoning of Language Models in Visual Space

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in interpreting visual layouts and text. However, a significant challenge remains in their ability to interpret robustly and reason over multi-tabular data presented as images, a common occurrence in real-world scenarios like web pages and digital documents. Existing benchmarks typically address single tables or non-visual d...

Supervised and unsupervised learning for lung perfusion data segmentation in electrical impedance tomography.

: Effective lung gas exchange relies on the balance between alveolar ventilation and perfusion, which can be disrupted in mechanically ventilated pati...

MMMG: A Massive, Multidisciplinary, Multi-Tier Generation Benchmark for Text-to-Image Reasoning

In this paper, we introduce knowledge image generation as a new task, alongside the Massive Multi-Discipline Multi-Tier Knowledge-Image Generation B...

[Acoustic technology empowers the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases: challenges, and prospects].

Respiratory diseases is a major challenge to global public health. In recent years, acoustic technology has shown great potential as a non-invasive an...

Primer on large language models: an educational overview for intensivists.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning-enabled medical technologies into clinical practice is expanding at an unpreceden...

Noise Conditional Variational Score Distillation

We propose Noise Conditional Variational Score Distillation (NCVSD), a novel method for distilling pretrained diffusion models into generative denoi...

CanadaFireSat: Toward high-resolution wildfire forecasting with multiple modalities

Canada experienced in 2023 one of the most severe wildfire seasons in recent history, causing damage across ecosystems, destroying communities, and ...

Exploring nanoparticles in lungs under COPD conditions for nanospray drug flow and deposition: CFD simulations and AI predictions.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) plays a heavy burden on individuals and the social health system, not only causing direct medical costs b...

Is Your Training Pipeline Production-Ready? A Case Study in the Healthcare Domain

Deploying a Machine Learning (ML) training pipeline into production requires robust software engineering practices. This differs significantly from ...

SAFER: A Calibrated Risk-Aware Multimodal Recommendation Model for Dynamic Treatment Regimes

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are critical to precision medicine, optimizing long-term outcomes through personalized, real-time decision-making i...

ICU-TSB: A Benchmark for Temporal Patient Representation Learning for Unsupervised Stratification into Patient Cohorts

Patient stratification identifying clinically meaningful subgroups is essential for advancing personalized medicine through improved diagnostics and...

Predicting ICU In-Hospital Mortality Using Adaptive Transformer Layer Fusion

Early identification of high-risk ICU patients is crucial for directing limited medical resources. We introduce ALFIA (Adaptive Layer Fusion with In...

Evaluating MLLMs with Multimodal Multi-image Reasoning Benchmark

With enhanced capabilities and widespread applications, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly required to process and reason ove...

MIND: Material Interface Generation from UDFs for Non-Manifold Surface Reconstruction

Unsigned distance fields (UDFs) are widely used in 3D deep learning due to their ability to represent shapes with arbitrary topology. While prior wo...

Adaptive Differential Denoising for Respiratory Sounds Classification

Automated respiratory sound classification faces practical challenges from background noise and insufficient denoising in existing systems. We pro...

Predicting Postoperative Stroke in Elderly SICU Patients: An Interpretable Machine Learning Model Using MIMIC Data

Postoperative stroke remains a critical complication in elderly surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients, contributing to prolonged hospitalizat...

EarthMind: Towards Multi-Granular and Multi-Sensor Earth Observation with Large Multimodal Models

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated strong performance in various vision-language tasks. However, they often struggle to comprehensivel...

Abstractive Visual Understanding of Multi-modal Structured Knowledge: A New Perspective for MLLM Evaluation

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) incorporate heterogeneous modalities into LLMs, enabling a comprehensive understanding of diverse scenario...

Development of Machine-Learning-Based Models for Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common but frequently undiagnosed in the dialysis population. We aimed to develop and validate a quick and accurat...