Cultural Competence

Common data element (CDE) and AI-Enabled approaches for clinical data Management: Workshop proceedings from the NIH INCLUDE Project.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate challenges in managing multisite, longitudinal, and multisystem clinical data for Down syndrome (DS) research and identify approaches to improve standardization and reuse. METHODS: This report summarizes the outcomes and lessons learned from a NIH workshop convened by the INCLUDE Project to align and modernize clinical data management (CDM) practices using common data elemen...

The rise of large language models and the direction and impact of US federal research funding.

Federal research funding shapes the direction, diversity, and impact of the US scientific enterprise. Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly diffusing into scientific practice, holding substantial promise while raising widespread concerns. Despite growing attention to AI use in scientific writing and evaluation, little is known about how the rise of LLMs is reshaping the public funding landscape...

ArteryX: A Reliable End-To-End Toolbox for Standardized Intracranial Artery Feature Extraction From 3D TOF-MRA.

Cerebrovascular research heavily relies on quantitative analysis of intracranial arteries from time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA)...

Deep learning for CT-less attenuation correction synthesis in non-small cell lung cancer: A proof-of-concept evaluated for quantitative and physical characteristics.

To develop and rigorously validate a deep learning framework for CT-free positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation correction in non-small cell l...

Analyzing an organism's sensors using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models with bias, variance, and confusion matrices.

Biological organisms have sensors that communicate information about the environment. Analyzing how well these biological sensors function has usually...

Patient-Facing AI-Enabled Digital Health Technologies and Quality of Life in Cancer: Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cancer affects multiple physical, psychological, and social aspects of an individual's life. Cancer survivors frequently report unmet need...

State of abdominal CT datasets: A critical review of bias, clinical relevance, and real-world applicability.

This review systematically searched publicly available abdominal CT datasets and critically evaluates suitability for artificial intelligence (AI) app...

Sociodemographic bias in LLMs' clinical decision-making for dizziness.

ObjectiveAs large language models (LLMs) enter clinical decision support, concerns persist about sociodemographic bias. We assessed whether LLM recomm...

Data science and AI in medicine and global health: The need for inter-philosophies dialogue, cross-cultural ethics and ecocentricity.

Advances in data science and medical artificial intelligence (AI) raise complex philosophical and ethical quandaries about what it means to know a per...

Genomic and Phenotypic Delimitation of Species in a Temperate Aquatic Biodiversity Hotspot.

Biologists have relied on morphological characteristics to identify, define, and formally describe species for the past 250 years. The advent of phylo...

Machine learning-enabled prediction of ART pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and methodological quality of machine learning (ML) prediction models for pregnancy outc...

Artificial Intelligence and Antimicrobial Stewardship: From Clinical Decision Support to Public Health Action.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to threaten the effectiveness of modern medicine and poses major public health challenges worldwi...

Machine learning-inspired design of a modified spider-shaped MIMO antenna for 5G-advanced wireless communications.

A modified Spider Shaped Four Element Multi Input Multi Output Antenna (SSFEMIMOA) is suggested for the 5G-advanced, and sub-6 GHz advanced wireless c...

[Web-based translation software in clinical practice : A survey in a German university hospital including a data protection and liability perspective].

BACKGROUND: Language barriers are an obstacle in everyday clinical practice. Webbased translation software can offer a low-barrier solution. This stud...

Extreme Heat in the Age of Generative AI: Assessing the Accuracy, Accessibility, Equity, and Inclusion of Theory for Public Health Communication.

Extreme heat, driven by climate change, poses significant health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as older adults, infants, and ind...

Use, Concerns, and Perspectives on AI in Health Care Among French Health Professionals and Students: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

BACKGROUND: AI is increasingly discussed and deployed in health care, yet safe and effective implementation depends on the preparedness, trust, and tr...

A moral Turing test: How belief and source shape detection of and agreement with LLM judgments.

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into decision-making systems (e.g., autonomous vehicles and medical devices), understandin...

Divergent impacts of explainable AI for dermatological diagnosis on clinicians versus lay people.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly permeating healthcare, from serving as a physician assistant to powering consumer applications. The opaci...

A Deep Nonlinear Subspace Modeling and Reconstruction for Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Using Denoising Auto-Encoder.

PURPOSE: To present a novel, nonlinear subspace modeling and joint k-q-space reconstruction technique for high-resolution, multi-band, multi-shell dif...

Cognitive Workload and Mental Burden in Health Care Professionals Interacting With AI: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: AI adoption in health care has accelerated rapidly, with ambient documentation tools, diagnostic imaging AI, and clinical decision support...