Devices and Vaccines

Autonomous AI for Multi-Pathology Detection in Chest X-Rays: A Multi-Site Study in the Indian Healthcare System

Study Design: The study outlines the development of an autonomous AI system for chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation, trained on a vast dataset of over 5 million X rays sourced from healthcare systems across India. This AI system integrates advanced architectures including Vision Transformers, Faster R-CNN, and various U Net models (such as Attention U-Net, U-Net++, and Dense U-Net) to enable compre...

SimDC: A High-Fidelity Device Simulation Platform for Device-Cloud Collaborative Computing

The advent of edge intelligence and escalating concerns for data privacy protection have sparked a surge of interest in device-cloud collaborative computing. Large-scale device deployments to validate prototype solutions are often prohibitively expensive and practically challenging, resulting in a pronounced demand for simulation tools that can emulate realworld scenarios. However, existing simu...

Enhancing Pavement Crack Classification with Bidirectional Cascaded Neural Networks

Pavement distress, such as cracks and potholes, is a significant issue affecting road safety and maintenance. In this study, we present the implemen...

PVLens: Enhancing Pharmacovigilance Through Automated Label Extraction

Reliable drug safety reference databases are essential for pharmacovigilance, yet existing resources like SIDER are outdated and static. We introduc...

Wireless Hearables With Programmable Speech AI Accelerators

The conventional wisdom has been that designing ultra-compact, battery-constrained wireless hearables with on-device speech AI models is challenging...

SplitFrozen: Split Learning with Device-side Model Frozen for Fine-Tuning LLM on Heterogeneous Resource-Constrained Devices

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on private, on-device data can empower tailored personalized AI agents. However, fine-tuning LLMs on resour...

Towards Invisible Backdoor Attack on Text-to-Image Diffusion Model

Backdoor attacks targeting text-to-image diffusion models have advanced rapidly, enabling attackers to implant malicious triggers into these models ...

A deep learning model trained on expressed transcripts across different tissue types reveals cell-type codon-optimization preferences.

Species-specific differences in protein translation can affect the design of protein-based drugs. Consequently, efficient expression of recombinant pr...

Impact of pH and chloride content on the biodegradation of magnesium alloys for medical implants: An in vitro and phase-field study

The individual contributions of pH and chloride concentration to the corrosion kinetics of bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) alloys remain unresolved des...

Benchmarking Open-Source Large Language Models on Healthcare Text Classification Tasks

The application of large language models (LLMs) to healthcare information extraction has emerged as a promising approach. This study evaluates the c...

When neural implant meets multimodal LLM: A dual-loop system for neuromodulation and naturalistic neuralbehavioral research

We propose a novel dual-loop system that synergistically combines responsive neurostimulation (RNS) implants with artificial intelligence-driven wea...

Enabling Weak Client Participation via On-device Knowledge Distillation in Heterogenous Federated Learning

Online Knowledge Distillation (KD) is recently highlighted to train large models in Federated Learning (FL) environments. Many existing studies adop...

TAIJI: Textual Anchoring for Immunizing Jailbreak Images in Vision Language Models

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive inference capabilities, but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that can induce harmfu...

VaxGuard: A Multi-Generator, Multi-Type, and Multi-Role Dataset for Detecting LLM-Generated Vaccine Misinformation

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved text generation capabilities. However, they also present challenges,...

2D/3D Registration of Acetabular Hip Implants Under Perspective Projection and Fully Differentiable Ellipse Fitting

This paper presents a novel method for estimating the orientation and the position of acetabular hip implants in total hip arthroplasty using full a...

Multimodal Human-AI Synergy for Medical Imaging Quality Control: A Hybrid Intelligence Framework with Adaptive Dataset Curation and Closed-Loop Evaluation

Medical imaging quality control (QC) is essential for accurate diagnosis, yet traditional QC methods remain labor-intensive and subjective. To addre...

SKG-LLM: Developing a Mathematical Model for Stroke Knowledge Graph Construction Using Large Language Models

The purpose of this study is to introduce SKG-LLM. A knowledge graph (KG) is constructed from stroke-related articles using mathematical and large l...

Secure On-Device Video OOD Detection Without Backpropagation

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of machine learning models in safety-critical applications such as auto...

Zero-shot Medical Event Prediction Using a Generative Pre-trained Transformer on Electronic Health Records

Longitudinal data in electronic health records (EHRs) represent an individual`s clinical history through a sequence of codified concepts, including ...

Incentivizing Multi-Tenant Split Federated Learning for Foundation Models at the Network Edge

Foundation models (FMs) such as GPT-4 exhibit exceptional generative capabilities across diverse downstream tasks through fine-tuning. Split Federat...