Flu & URI

Leptospira-host interactions: advancing next-generation vaccines and diagnostics.

SUMMARYLeptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species, remains a major public health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite advances in understanding Leptospira biology and pathogenesis, effective disease control continues to be limited by the lack of rapid, early diagnostics, and broadly protective vaccines. This review comprehen...

From sites to structure to serology: a roadmap for structure-aware molecular evolution of antigenically evolving viruses.

The genomic deluge has pushed viral molecular evolution into a site-resolved era. For antigenically evolving viruses such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), dense genomic sampling now supports mutation-annotated phylogenies and per-site estimates of mutation and substitution processes. These data highlight strong effects of sequence context, genomic regi...

The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Predictive Virology: Forecasting, Tracking, and Combating Viral Threats.

The escalating threat of viral pandemics, dramatically illustrated by the COVID-19 crisis, has exposed the critical shortcomings of conventional react...

Circulating T-cell phenotypes are influenced by prior Staphylococcus aureus exposure in hemodialysis patients.

Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections are a significant risk for hemodialysis patients, who would significantly benefit from a preventative vac...

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled First-in-Human Trial of a First-in-Class AI-Designed Monoclonal Antibody (GB-0669) Against the Conserved SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Stem Helix.

BACKGROUND: Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain provided effective COVID-19 treatment until resistant variants emerged. GB...

Global Trends and Insights in Cervical Cancer Research: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2000 to 2024.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant disease in women worldwide. Although the promotion and use of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinati...

Tree-based machine learning models recover rule-based flare labels from virtual symptom diaries in pediatric Behçet's disease: an in silico proof-of-concept study.

Behçet's disease (BD) in childhood is characterised by recurrent inflammatory flares that can result in significant morbidity, most notably with ocula...

Geospatial approaches for mapping zero-dose prevalence and routine childhood immunisation coverage in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Zero-dose (ZD) children remain a critical public health concern, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), where ov...

Modelling climatic and temporal dynamics of dengue transmission in Bangladesh using deep learning models.

Dengue fever is a significant public health issue in tropical and subtropical areas, and predicting its spread is challenging due to the complex inter...

FUO-PETMamba: a pet maximum-intensity-projection-based artificial intelligence framework for aetiological classification of fever of unknown origin with multicentre validation.

BACKGROUND: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains diagnostically challenging because of heterogeneous causes, non-specific clinical manifestations, an...

An interpretable machine learning model for predicting febrile seizures following enterovirus infection in children.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning model for predicting the risk of FS in children with enterovirus (EV) infectio...

Development of a benchmarking dataset for symptom detection using large language models.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a pipeline for evaluating large language models (LLMs) on the task of capturing symptoms from clinical encounters. MATERIALS AN...

Formulation and stability design spaces for a new yellow fever vaccine.

Yellow fever (YF) is a life-threatening disease that is entirely preventable through vaccination. The objective of this study was to formulate a freez...

Characterizing spatiotemporal spread of infectious diseases using ellipse-shaped transmission hotspots: application to dengue virus outbreaks.

BACKGROUND: Identifying transmission hotspots associated with micro-clustering patterns at the early stages of epidemics is helpful to characterize sp...

Plant Biofactories for Vaccination: Progress in Edible Vaccine Technologies as a Sustainable Approach to Global Immunization.

Globally, the pathogen-driven enteric diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, disproportionately affecting populations in low-inco...

Emerging Novel SARS-CoV-2 Subvariants and the Advantages of AI-ML in Deciphering the Mutation Trends, Genomic Surveillance and Vaccine Development.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The world witnessed COVID-19 in 2025 yet again, a resurgence driven by LF.7 and NB.1.8.1 subvariants of JN.1. With Singapore, Hong...

Multi-source machine learning for short-term influenza forecasting in Hunan Province, China: a spatiotemporal analysis using surveillance, search, meteorological and air-quality data.

BACKGROUND: Accurate short-term influenza forecasting is important for early warning and public health preparedness, but routine sentinel surveillance...

Virus infections and cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutics.

Viral infections are a major contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality. However, integrative reviews that connect viral classification, car...

Predicting COVID-19 severity using machine learning: the role of clinical parameters, blood groups, and vaccination status across age groups.

OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 has had strong impacts on both global health systems and economies. Therefore, understanding disease severity and progression is ...

AI Meets Attitudes: Cross-Sectional Quantitative Study of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Alaska's Diverse Communities.

BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 vaccine rollout faces challenges from persistent hesitancy, especially in rural and underserved regions. Alaska's uniq...