Geriatrics

AI-driven diagnosis of vulnerable intracranial atherosclerotic plaques using large language models and vision transformers: a multi-center study.

OBJECTIVES: High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) is essential for diagnosing vulnerable intracranial atherosclerotic plaques, but its interpretation requires expertise. This study investigates the integration of large language models (LLMs) and deep learning (DL) for more efficient diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis ...

Unveiling manganese metabolism-related biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Insights into diagnosis and therapeutic targets.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiologies, has been closely associated with disturbances in manganese metabolism. However, its specific biomarkers remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to identify manganese metabolism-related biomarkers implicated in AD. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD were extracted from ...

Predicting risk of falling in older adults using supervised machine learning: a comparative analysis of model performance.

BACKGROUND: Falls in older adults pose a significant health risk and reliable predictive models for assessing the risk of falling would be highly bene...

Evaluating the Clinical Competence of Large Language Models in Prostate Cancer Management: A Comparative Study of DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) have gained prominence in medical applications, yet their performance in specialized clinical tasks remains u...

Associations of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Mass Index With Clinical Outcomes in Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: An Observational Study.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Low muscle mass is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. In this study, we examined the relationship between muscle mass an...

Diagnostic performance of a coronary CT angiography-based deep learning model for the prediction of vessel-specific ischemia.

OBJECTIVES: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-Free Ratio (iFR) pressure measurements during invasive coronary angiography (ICA) are...

Development and validation of an age prediction model using mRNA markers.

As a downstream product of transcriptional regulation, mRNA offers valuable insights into age-associated molecular changes and shows considerable pote...

UVENet: A novel end-to-end model for temporal consistency in underwater video enhancement.

Deep-sea submersibles collect extensive underwater data, supporting the study and exploration of marine ecosystems. Efficient processing and analysis ...

Use of neural networks to predict a potential osteoporotic metabolic condition based on the panoramic mandibular index.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the use of neural networks to predict potential osteoporotic metabolic conditions using the Panoramic Mandibular In...

Robust detection of femtogram-level Alzheimer's biomarkers using machine learning-enhanced graphene biosensors.

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires blood biomarker tests sensitive to femtogram/mL concentrations. Graphene field-effect transistors...

Connectome-based markers predict the sub-types of frontotemporal dementia.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) presents a complex spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, encompassing distinct subtypes with varied clinical manifest...

Predicting neurobehavioral outcomes in people with HIV.

BACKGROUND: This study identified complex, multidimensional, longitudinal biopsychosocial (BPS) phenotypes (MLBPSPs) in people with HIV (PWH) and eval...

Evaluating bone density with ultrasonic backscatter: Leveraging time-frequency analyses and convolutional neural networks.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. This study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN...

A Datasheet for Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 on the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive summary of the controlled-access Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) data elements, encompassing phenotypic...

Comparative Analysis of AI-Generated and Manually Designed Approaches in Accuracy and Design Time for Surgical Path Planning of Dynamic Navigation-Aided Endodontic Microsurgery: A Retrospective Study.

AIM: To compare the accuracy and design time of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated and manually designed (MD) surgical pathways for osteotomies an...

Structure and function of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6: Involvement in the pathological process of neural injury.

The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6, encoded by the sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8 gene, is a crucial regulator of neuronal excitabi...

UK Biobank-centric advances in brain age prediction: a comprehensive review.

With the accelerating global population aging, establishing effective brain health assessment systems has emerged as a critical challenge in public he...

Modified UNet-enhanced ultrasonic superb microvascular imaging feature extraction and grading of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is recognized as the most frequently encountered median nerve (MN) entrapment neuropathy, with a disproportionate burden ...

A deep learning method for diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and validate a two-stage deep learning method for diagnosing oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). We ...

An AI-based pipeline for osteoporosis/osteopenia prediction using hip radiographs.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an artificial intelligence-based tool for the diagnosis of osteoporosis/osteopenia using hip radiographs. The tool ...