Head Trauma

Multimorbidity increases susceptibility to myocardial injury following cardiac surgery via dysregulated macrophage activation and the development of a cardiomyopathy phenotype

Background: People with Multiple Long-Term Conditions (MLTC) experience higher rates of organ failure and death following cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to identify disease processes in MLTC associated with increased susceptibility to organ injury post-surgery. Methods: Unsupervised machine learning methods were applied to pre-surgery biomarkers of haematological, cardiac, liver, and r...

Design and Implementation of BNN-Based Object Detection on FPGA

This paper implements a Binary Neural Network (BNN) based YOLOv3-tiny-like object detector on a low-cost FPGA. The network takes 320*320*3 RGB images as input. Its main convolution layers use 1-bit weights and 8-bit activations, while Conv1 and the final detection head use fixed-point standard convolutions. From the trained ONNX model, weights, biases, and quantization parameters are extracted, co...

SAIL: Structure-Aware Interpretable Learning for Anatomy-Aligned Post-hoc Explanations in OCT

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a commonly used retinal imaging modality, plays a central role in retinal disease diagnosis by providing high-reso...

Artificial Intelligence for Cardiac Biomarkers After Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and a Leakage-Aware Modeling Framework

Aims To systematically evaluate how artificial intelligence and machine-learning (AI/ML) methods are applied to cardiac biomarkers after myocardial in...

Multicohort development and validation of a machine learning model to predict six-month functional traumatic brain injury outcomes in a large national registry

Background: Prognostication after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) rarely captures long-term functional recovery, despite its importanc...

Semaglutide is associated with improved breast cancer survival, lower metastatic burden, and a dose-survival relationship uncoupled from weight-loss magnitude

Metabolic dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for poor outcomes in breast cancer, but whether incretin-based therapies confer surv...

On the predictability of progression-free survival in ovarian cancer from NanoString gene expression data

In the treatment of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), patients initially diagnosed with unresectable tumors are first treated with neoadjuvant ...

Lightning Pose 3D: an uncertainty-aware framework for data-efficient multi-view animal pose estimation

Multi-view pose estimation is essential for quantifying animal behavior in scientific research, yet current methods struggle to achieve accurate track...

SSL-R1: Self-Supervised Visual Reinforcement Post-Training for Multimodal Large Language Models

Reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated the great potential of enhancing the reasoning abilities in multimodal lar...

TwinTrack: Post-hoc Multi-Rater Calibration for Medical Image Segmentation

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) segmentation on contrast-enhanced CT is inherently ambiguous: inter-rater disagreement among experts reflects ...

Resting-state fMRI foundation models enable robust and generalizable latent neural target discovery in cognitive aging interventions

The benefits of interventions targeting cognitive aging vary substantially across individuals, largely owing to heterogeneity in aging-related comorbi...

SOAR: Self-Correction for Optimal Alignment and Refinement in Diffusion Models

The post-training pipeline for diffusion models currently has two stages: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on curated data and reinforcement learning (RL)...

State-Dependent Parameter Relevance in Intensive Care: Syndrome-Specific Centroids Improve Orbit-Based Mortality Prediction from AUC 0.59 to 0.83 in 59,362 Predictions

Background: The Therapeutic Distance framework (Paper 1) achieved AUC 0.61 for orbit-based mortality prediction in 11,627 sepsis patients. We hypothes...

VDPP: Video Depth Post-Processing for Speed and Scalability

Video depth estimation is essential for providing 3D scene structure in applications ranging from autonomous driving to mixed reality. Current end-to-...

Untargeted analysis of volatile markers of post-exercise fat oxidation in exhaled breath

Breath acetone represents a promising non-invasive biomarker for monitoring fat oxidation during exercise. However, its utility is limited by confound...

Overconfidence and Calibration in Medical VQA: Empirical Findings and Hallucination-Aware Mitigation

As vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in clinical decision support, more than accuracy is required: knowing when to trust their p...

Governance, Accountability and Post-Deployment Monitoring Preferences for AI Integration in West African Clinical Practice: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical practice holds transformative potential for healthcare in West Africa, but s...

Left Ventricular Geometry Improves Prediction of Sex-Specific Post-TAVR Remodeling in Aortic Stenosis

Background: Women with severe aortic stenosis (AS) are diagnosed later and experience poorer outcomes than men, partly because clinical approaches rel...

A Deep Learning-Based Single-View Echocardiographic Analysis for Prediction of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Aims: Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a hemodynamically significant complication following transcatheter aortic valve re...

Genome-Wide Variations of End Motif in Cell-Free DNA Fragments Distinguish Immunotherapy Responders from Non-Responders in Head and Neck Cancer: A Multi-Institute Prospective Study

Reliable, minimally invasive biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain an unmet clinica...