Health Policy

Application value and challenges associated with plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic sequencing technology in the diagnosis of infections in patients with hematological disorders.

In patients with hematological disorders, the high risk of complex infections caused by immune dysfunction and intensive therapies poses a major challenge to the use of conventional microbiological tests (CMTs). Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as a revolutionary noninvasive tool that enables unbiased, broad-spectrum, and rapid pathogen identif...

Personal Health Large Language Models and the Negotiation of Medical Authority in Clinical Care: Opportunities, Risks, and Governance.

Personal health large language models (PH-LLMs) are patient-facing conversational systems that synthesize user-entered information, patient-generated health data, wearable data, and selected personal health records-where users choose to connect them-into personalized, longitudinal, action-oriented health narratives. Unlike generic health chatbots that mainly provide one-off responses to isolated q...

Translational applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning for mosquito-borne disease control in low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize evidence on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for mosquito-borne disease (MBD) contr...

Value operating system: a practical framework to measure outcomes-per-cost at the episode level.

OBJECTIVE: To specify a value operating system (VOS) and its executable metric-the Value Index (VI)-that expresses risk-adjusted outcomes-per-episode-...

Protocols for genomic epidemiology and source attribution of enteric bacteria causing diarrhoeal disease across Africa.

INTRODUCTION: Enteric bacterial pathogens are a major cause of diarrhoeal disease in low-income and middle-income countries, with complex transmission...

Prediction of all-cause mortality in older adults in Colombia: real-world evidence from a middle-income country.

Accurate mortality prediction in older adults is a critical component of precision public health and risk stratification in healthcare systems worldwi...

An integrated evaluation framework for synthetic clinical data in severely imbalanced settings: fidelity, privacy-risk profiling, and diagnostic utility.

BACKGROUND: The development of clinical artificial intelligence models is constrained by limited access to high-quality electronic health record data,...

Machine learning for predicting institutionalization and mortality risks among older home care recipients with routinely collected need assessment data: explainable AI for long-term care.

BACKGROUND: Identifying older home care recipients at risk of institutionalization in advance is crucial for providing preventive services. Supporting...

Machine learning-driven prediction of healthcare resource trends and optimal allocation strategies: a data-driven approach.

BACKGROUND: With the advancement of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment systems in China, primary healthcare institutions have become pivotal in deli...

Cloud-based healthcare architecture for securing and monitoring healthcare data.

PURPOSE: A new method known as Lionized Remora optimization based Recurrent Neural Network (LRObRNN) is recommended to enhance the safety of medical i...

Impact of machine learning on spare parts availability for critical medical devices: a supervised machine learning perspective.

PURPOSE: This paper seeks to improve the reliability and quality of operation of the critical medical equipment methods through the combination of fai...

Budget impact of implementing AI-enabled chest X-ray based incidental pulmonary nodule detection for early lung cancer diagnosis: models from Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Thailand and Vietnam.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the budget impact of incidental pulmonary nodule (IPN) detection using an artificial intelligence-software for chest X-ray (CXR) ...

Decision support in the management of musculoskeletal disorders: a qualitative study of physiotherapists' and patients' experiences.

BACKGROUND: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) present a paradigm shift in health care by assisting complex decision-making processes. While im...

Bridging the rural logistics penalty: quantifying structural costs and designing policy mechanisms for home TCM delivery to older adults with chronic respiratory diseases.

BACKGROUND: Equitable access to prescribed therapies remains challenging for older adults with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in rural China. Liq...

Impact on Cost and Expert Time of Data-Efficient Deep Learning for Medical Image Segmentation.

Purpose To develop and systematically evaluate an iterative training approach, termed the expert-guided annotation loop, for efficient reference stand...

The Concept of Harm in Medical Ethics.

The concept of harm is central to medical ethics. In particular, it is frequently used in ethical deliberation about clinical cases and harm-benefit a...

[Beyond the bladder-a specialty rediscovering itself: Outpatient. Networked. Digital].

BACKGROUND: Urology is undergoing a fundamental transformation characterized by increasing outpatient care, digitalization, and cross-sectoral network...

[Between catheters and artificial intelligence: High-tech urology-where manual skills meet digital expertise].

Artificial intelligence (AI) in urology has evolved from an experimental technology to a relevant component of clinical processes. While early applica...

A New CMS Payment Model for AI-Delivered Behavioral Health Care.

Evaluating AI-assisted sign language recognition as a digital health intervention to improve communication access for people who are deaf.

OBJECTIVES: Communication barriers experienced by people who are deaf remain a persistent public health challenge, particularly in healthcare settings...