Hepatitis

Identification of Direct and Network-Mediated Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Visually Evoked Potentials Using Machine Learning

Objective. To preserve the encoding of visual information in prosthetic vision as close to natural as possible, subretinal photovoltaic implants, which replace the lost photoreceptors, strive to stimulate the second-order retinal neurons, the bipolar cells, while avoiding direct activation of the downstream retinal ganglion cells. To assess the range of such selective subretinal activation, we imp...

Identifying Modulators of Cellular Responses by Heterogeneity-sequencing

The response of individual cells to drug treatment, virus infections or other molecular stimuli is highly heterogeneous and depends on the cell's initial state. Library preparation for single-cell transcriptomics is destructive, precluding a direct comparison between the initial state and the stimulus outcome. Consequently, current methods are restricted to identifying correlative associations rat...

MIRAGE: Auditing Anti-Muslim Bias in Frontier LLMs Across Reasoning, Agentic, and Time-Coupled Conditions

Five years after the discovery of persistent anti-Muslim bias in large language models, most evaluations remain confined to single-turn prompt complet...

Exploring the Design Space of Reward Backpropagation for Flow Matching

Aligning text-to-image flow matching models with human preferences via direct reward backpropagation is sample-efficient but hampered by two well-know...

Quality Is Not a Safety Proxy Under Quantization

Quantized checkpoints are often screened first with quality metrics and only later, if at all, with direct safety tests. This paper audits that shortc...

Beyond Scalar Rewards by Internalizing Reasoning into Score Distributions

Reward models are central to text-to-image post-training, but visual preference is subjective and better represented as a distribution over rubric sco...

Ignet 2.0 and Vignet: An Ontology-Driven Web Platform for Biomedical Gene Interaction Discovery and Visualization

Background: The expansion of biomedical literature demands systematic ontology-guided discovery of gene interactions, vaccine mechanisms, drug associa...

Direct 3D-Aware Object Insertion via Decomposed Visual Proxies

Object insertion aims to seamlessly composite a reference object into a specified region of a background image. Recent diffusion-based methods achieve...

AI-Guided Structure-Aware Modeling and Thermal Proteomics Reveal Direct Demethylzeylasteral-ACLY Interaction

Identifying the direct molecular targets of bioactive natural products remains a central challenge in chemical biology. Here we present an integrated ...

An LSEC-focused computational drug repurposing platform for liver fibrosis: Identification of vorinostat and other LSEC-protective candidates

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are increasingly recognized as a critical yet underexplored cell type in anti-fibrotic drug development. Th...

Using Disinhibition versus Direct Control in a Spiking Neural Model of Dopamine-Driven Reinforcement Learning

Dopaminergic signalling is central to value learning and decision making. It has been observed that multiple pathways with different patterns of conne...

Beyond natural amino acids: Extending immunogenicity risk assessment to non-canonical peptide drugs through chemical feature encoding

Peptide therapeutics are increasingly used to treat challenging diseases, but immunogenicity risks limit their clinical success. In silico tools enabl...

DV-SFT: Direct Vision Supervision for Fine-Grained Visual Understanding

Multimodal large language models are typically trained end-to-end to predict ground-truth answers, yet supervision signals are applied exclusively to ...

Identification of amino acid metabolism-related biomarkers in liver fibrosis: a transcriptomic analysis with experimental validation

Background Liver fibrosis (LF) represents a pivotal pathological phase in the advancement of chronic liver disorders toward cirrhosis. Amino acid meta...

Fusion in Your Way: Aligning Image Fusion with Heterogeneous Demands via Direct Preference Optimization

As a key technique in multi-modal processing, infrared and visible image fusion (IVIF) plays a crucial role in integrating complementary spectral info...

Deep Learning-Based Structure Modeling of the Treponema pallidum Proteome: Insights into Pathogenesis and Syphilis Vaccine Development

Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, has a small proteome and encompasses numerous strains. Knowledge gaps remain in und...

Systems Pharmacology Reveals Type I Interferon and Myeloid-Like B Cell Reprogramming as Druggable Axes in Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) lacks targeted therapies beyond anticoagulation, and its molecular heterogeneity remains poorly characterized. We empl...

LeapAlign: Post-Training Flow Matching Models at Any Generation Step by Building Two-Step Trajectories

This paper focuses on the alignment of flow matching models with human preferences. A promising way is fine-tuning by directly backpropagating reward ...

In-silico cell sorting revealed granulocyte-specific single-cell-type gene expression from peripheral blood bulk expression data and its application as host response biomarkers to discriminate bacterial and viral infections

Peripheral Blood transcriptome analysis evaluated the bulk transcript abundance (TA) covering all leukocyte cell populations. However, there are 2 mai...

Precision Synthesis of Multi-Tracer PET via VLM-Modulated Rectified Flow for Stratifying Mild Cognitive Impairment

The biological definition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) relies on multi-modal neuroimaging, yet the clinical utility of positron emission tomography (PE...