HIV/AIDS

Accelerating tuberculosis diagnosis in Mozambican prisons using digital chest X-rays with computer-aided detection: a longitudinal, comprehensive health intervention.

BACKGROUND: Mozambique has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and in 2021, an estimated 18,000 persons with TB nationwide were not diagnosed. Estimates suggest that globally 47% of TB disease in prisons is undiagnosed. We implemented an integrated-care model health intervention to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of TB disease, provide TB preventive treatment (TPT), and identify and treat other...

Clinical and immunological significance of FOXO1 as a biomarker of improved response to immune checkpoint plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitor plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (IO+TKI) therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains challenging. Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a key transcription factor regulating tumor suppression and T cell immunity, but its clinical and immunological significance in RCC is unclear. METHODS: FOXO1 expression was analyzed in TCGA-...

Identification of key genes associated with butyrate metabolism in keratoconus through Mendelian randomization and transcriptomic analysis.

BACKGROUND: Keratoconus (KC) is a degenerative corneal disease with a complex etiology that severely affects vision. Butyrate is a saturated short-cha...

A novel approach for disease and pests detection in potato production system based on deep learning.

Vulnerability of potato crops to diseases and pest infestation can affect its quality and lead to significant yield losses. Timely detection of such d...

Risk Prediction Models for Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) serves as an essential procedure for diagnosing and treating pancreaticobiliary diso...

Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dental Hygiene Students Regarding Artificial Intelligence.

Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in health professions education, yet little is known about dental hygiene students' knowledg...

Predicting Post-Induction Hypotension in Diverse Surgical Populations: A Multiclass Classification Universal Model Using Machine Learning Techniques.

PURPOSE: Our study aims to develop a machine learning model that not only predicts the occurrence of post-induction hypotension (PIH) but also assesse...

Optimizing Machine Learning-Based Diagnosis of Neurosyphilis in HIV-Negative Patients: A Multicenter, Real-World Comparison of International Diagnostic Criteria.

AbstractNeurosyphilis continues to rise globally, yet diagnosis remains challenging, often requiring multidisciplinary expertise and multiple CSF assa...

Single-Cell Sequencing and Transcriptomic Sequencing Exploration of the Mechanisms Governing Lactylation in Mitochondrial Diseases.

Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) consist of a heterogeneous spectrum of disorders resulting from mutations in either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, disrupt...

Rational Design of Broad-Spectrum Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors via Pharmacophore-Oriented Generative Artificial Intelligence.

Guided by the pharmacophore-oriented molecular generation platform PhoreGen, we employed rilpivirine (RPV) as a lead compound to generate 300 structur...

Reinforcement learning for real-time adaptive radiotherapy.

State-of-the-art radiotherapy machines with integrated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, known as MR-Linacs, provide the capability to track tumors in ...

Virtual cell/virtual cell like: The key to unlocking a new era of HIV/AIDS treatment ?

Virtual Cell (VC) technology, as an interdisciplinary frontier at the intersection of systems biology and computational biology, aims to precisely sim...

Harnessing machine learning with auditory tests and demographic factors to forecast children's reading abilities in children living with and without HIV.

PTBD: a machine learning-based non-invasive diagnostic model for pulmonary tuberculosis using large-scale blood transcriptomes.

BACKGROUND: Accurate and rapid diagnosis is essential for controlling pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) by enabling timely intervention and reducing diseas...

AI-MedCraft: A Strategy-Driven AI Platform for Multi-Objective Molecular Design.

Small-molecule drug discovery requires balancing potency, selectivity, solubility, safety, and synthetic feasibility, among other interdependent prope...

Integrating Mechanistic Modeling and Machine Learning to Study CD4+/CD8+ CAR-T Cell Dynamics with Tumor Antigen Regulation.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown remarkable success in hematological malignancies, yet patient responses remain highly variabl...

ALDH5A1 as a key in osteonecrosis of the femoral head: Insights from bioinformatics and experimental validation.

The present study aims to identify key genes and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), with the goal...

Letter to the Editor: "Evaluating the efficacy of large language models in predicting intensive care unit admission needs".

This letter comments on the study by Turan et al., which evaluates the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in predicting ICU admission needs. Whi...

Comparative evaluation of multimodal large language models for diagnostic accuracy in pediatric electrocardiography: a prospective comparative diagnostic accuracy study.

UNLABELLED: We evaluated three multimodal LLMs, ChatGPT (GPT-5.2), Gemini 3, and Microsoft Copilot, in pediatric ECG interpretation, focusing on clini...

TCR recognition of peptide-HLA class II complexes in autoimmunity: Structural insights for therapeutic targeting.

Autoimmune diseases encompass a broad spectrum of disorders in which self-reactive T and B cells breach immune tolerance and drive chronic tissue infl...