HIV/AIDS

A flexible rank-based framework for individualized treatment selection with mixed-type multivariate outcomes.

Personalized treatment selection is often based on a single primary endpoint, even though complex diseases are typically monitored using multiple, heterogeneous outcomes. We develop a rank-based framework for individualized treatment selection that accommodates mixed collections of continuous, ordinal, binary, and right-censored survival outcomes. For each outcome and treatment, we summarize the c...

Rethinking aging biomarkers in HIV: from measures to meaning.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: People with HIV (PWH) on effective antiretroviral therapy continue to experience a disproportionate burden of age-related comorbidities and multimorbidity. This review explores HIV-associated aging as a systems-level dysregulation and loss of resilience and evaluates emerging biomarker strategies for capturing its biological and clinical heterogeneity. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent ev...

Generative AI Chatbots for Global HIV Treatment and Care: A Commentary.

Addressing stigma, mental health, and health care access challenges for people living with HIV requires a multifaceted approach. Generative artificial...

Development and internal validation of an interpretable machine learning model using routine laboratory data for systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.

This study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning (ML) model using routine laboratory data to support clinical decision-makin...

Circulating T-cell phenotypes are influenced by prior Staphylococcus aureus exposure in hemodialysis patients.

Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections are a significant risk for hemodialysis patients, who would significantly benefit from a preventative vac...

Integrative multi-omics reveals MHC class II-mediated neuroinflammation and systemic metabolic dysregulation as transdiagnostic drivers in major brain disorders.

Psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),...

Transforming Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Key Milestones and Future Perspectives.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease of the precapillary pulmonary arteries, characterized by fibroproliferative vascu...

Machine learning-based prognostic model and single-cell transcriptomic integration for identifying brain metastasis-associated malignant subpopulations and potential therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly prevalent and lethal form of lung cancer. Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major cause of mortality in p...

Raman spectroscopic detection of salivary thiocyanate for smoking exposure stratification.

Distinguishing smokers from non-smokers and stratifying smokers based on their smoking history/exposure (years) are essential for evaluating the risk ...

Activated Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Are Associated with Immunosuppression and Poor Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits substantial heterogeneity within its tumor microenvironment, contributing to variable c...

Predicting depression severity among people living with HIV in Oman using random forest.

Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people living with HIV and is associated with an increased risk of disease progression. Ho...

Unifying the hallmarks of major depression through neuroimmune-metabolic-oxidative (NIMETOX) dysregulation: a mechanistic systems framework.

Current state-of-the-art neuroimmune, metabolic, and oxidative stress (NIMETOX) knowledge that has been developed in clinical major depressive disorde...

FUO-PETMamba: a pet maximum-intensity-projection-based artificial intelligence framework for aetiological classification of fever of unknown origin with multicentre validation.

BACKGROUND: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains diagnostically challenging because of heterogeneous causes, non-specific clinical manifestations, an...

Modeling multidimensional perceived risk in HIV-related social media: a multi-label transformers framework with longitudinal analysis.

This paper presents a supervised multi-label framework for detecting multidimensional perceived risk in HIV-related Reddit discourse. A longitudinal c...

[Artificial intelligence in neuro-ophthalmology: prospects, challenges and countermeasures].

Neuro-ophthalmic disorders feature complex etiology. Certain ocular manifestations may hint at severe neurological diseases. Current clinical practice...

Development of an expert-annotated chest X-ray dataset to support AI validation in tuberculosis diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess inter-rater agreement and diagnostic performance of six United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-cert...

Identification of key genes associated with T cell exhaustion in HIV infection based on transcriptomic data.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus belonging to the retrovirus subclass. HIV specifically targets and infects human CD4 + ...

Performance of leading large language models in adhering to clinical guidelines for anaplastic thyroid cancer: a comparative study.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Adherence to guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer N...

Virus infections and cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutics.

Viral infections are a major contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality. However, integrative reviews that connect viral classification, car...

Artificial intelligence for predicting antiretroviral therapy outcomes in people living with HIV: A systematic review of predictive models, predictors and clinical readiness.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and other predictive modelling approaches are increasingly applied to predict antiretroviral the...