HIV/AIDS

LeukocyteMask: An automated localization and segmentation method for leukocyte in blood smear images using deep neural networks.

Digital pathology and microscope image analysis is widely used in comprehensive studies of cell morphology. Identification and analysis of leukocytes in blood smear images, acquired from bright field microscope, are vital for diagnosing many diseases such as hepatitis, leukaemia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The major challenge for robust and accurate identification and segmentat...

Incorporating causal factors into reinforcement learning for dynamic treatment regimes in HIV.

BACKGROUND: Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a promising technique to solve complex sequential decision making problems in health care domains. However, existing studies simply apply naive RL algorithms in discovering optimal treatment strategies for a targeted problem. This kind of direct applications ignores the abundant causal relationships between treatment options and the associated outco...

Concurrent, Performance-Based Methodology for Increasing the Accuracy and Certainty of Short-Term Neural Prediction Systems.

Accurate prediction of the short time series with highly irregular behavior is a challenging task found in many areas of modern science. Such data flu...

Portable brain-computer interface based on novel convolutional neural network.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a powerful, noninvasive tool that provides a high temporal resolution to directly reflect brain activities. Convention...

Novel Machine Learning Identifies Brain Patterns Distinguishing Diagnostic Membership of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Alcoholism, and Their Comorbidity of Individuals.

The incidence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is twice that of the rest of the population. This study do...

Multiple Machine Learning Comparisons of HIV Cell-based and Reverse Transcriptase Data Sets.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes over a million deaths every year and has a huge economic impact in many countries. The first class of dr...

Using artificial neural network and multivariate calibration methods for simultaneous spectrophotometric analysis of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in pharmaceutical formulation of HIV drug.

Spectrophotometric analysis method based on artificial neural network (ANN), partial least squares regression (PLS) and principal component regression...

EEG-based mild depression recognition using convolutional neural network.

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based studies focus on depression recognition using data mining methods, while those on mild depression are yet in infanc...

Adversarial training with cycle consistency for unsupervised super-resolution in endomicroscopy.

In recent years, endomicroscopy has become increasingly used for diagnostic purposes and interventional guidance. It can provide intraoperative aids f...

Enhanced Anti-tumor of Pep-1 Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide/PTX Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles.

Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticle (SPION) has gained tremendous attention for drug delivery applications due to their unique properties. In th...

Automated diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders using large-scale Granger causality analysis of resting-state functional MRI.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) represent an important source of neurologic complications in individuals with HIV. The dynamic, often s...

A Combined Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration Step Facilitates the Purification of Cyanovirin-N From Transgenic Tobacco Extracts.

The production of biopharmaceutical proteins in plants offers many advantages over traditional expression platforms, including improved safety, greate...

funbarRF: DNA barcode-based fungal species prediction using multiclass Random Forest supervised learning model.

BACKGROUND: Identification of unknown fungal species aids to the conservation of fungal diversity. As many fungal species cannot be cultured, morpholo...

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Is Associated with a Set-Point Variation in the Calcium-Parathyroid Hormone-Vitamin D Axis: Results from a German Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Higher levels of parathyroid hormone have been associated with the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in people with and without H...

Sensitive electrochemical detection of gp120 based on the combination of NBD-556 and gp120.

As is known, the employment of molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) as specific sensing materials in sensors, namely MIP-based sensors. In this contribu...

HIV is associated with endothelial activation despite ART, in a sub-Saharan African setting.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between endothelial dysfunction, HIV infection, and stroke in Malawians.

Acute Retroviral Syndrome Presenting as Acute Hepatitis.

Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) can present as a wide array of clinical manifestations. Establishing a diagnosis early in the disease course can provi...

Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Antiretrovirals and a Behavioral Intervention for Persons With Acute HIV Infection: Opportunity for Interrupting Transmission.

BACKGROUND: Persons with acute HIV infection (AHI) have heightened transmission risk. We evaluated potential transmission reduction using behavioral a...

On medical application of neural networks trained with various types of data.

Neural networks have garnered attention over the past few years. A neural network is a typical model of machine learning that is used to identify visu...

Validation of the Behavior of a Knowledge Base Implementing Clinical Guidelines for Point-of-Care Antiretroviral Toxicity Monitoring.

This study investigated the automated detection of antiretroviral toxicities in structured electronic health records data. The evaluation compared res...