HIV/AIDS

High frequency of neurosyphilis in HIV-positive patients diagnosed with early syphilis.

BACKGROUND: Syphilis is an infection frequently seen with HIV, and European guidelines on the management of syphilis suggest that HIV-infected patients may have an increased risk of early neurological involvement, sometimes asymptomatic. Recent study shows a relationship between neurosyphilis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV viral load (VL), which in turn may be associated with subsequent neuroco...

Comparative risk of failure of ABC/3TC or TDF/FTC based first-line regimens in patients with a high viral load.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy, in current clinical practice, of first regimens containing abacavir with lamivudine (ABC/3TC) or tenofovir with emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in patients with baseline viral load ≥100,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL.

Pathology Image of the Month:Cough and Shortness of Breath in a Noncompliant Patient with HIV/AIDS.

A 37- year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) was admitted to the intensive care unit following a...

Identifying Adverse Effects of HIV Drug Treatment and Associated Sentiments Using Twitter.

BACKGROUND: Social media platforms are increasingly seen as a source of data on a wide range of health issues. Twitter is of particular interest for p...

Perspectives on next steps in classification of oro-facial pain - part 1: role of ontology.

The purpose of this study was to review existing principles of oro-facial pain classifications and to specify design recommendations for a new system ...

Automatic classification of diseases from free-text death certificates for real-time surveillance.

BACKGROUND: Death certificates provide an invaluable source for mortality statistics which can be used for surveillance and early warnings of increase...

Multistage virtual screening and identification of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors by integrating SVM, shape, pharmacophore and docking methods.

The HIV-1 protease has proven to be a crucial component of the HIV replication machinery and a reliable target for anti-HIV drug discovery. In this st...

Soluble CD163 and monocyte populations in response to antiretroviral therapy and in relationship with neuropsychological testing among HIV-infected children.

BACKGROUND: Monocytes play a central role in HIV neuropathogenesis, but there are limited data on monocyte subsets and markers of monocyte activation ...

PHARMACOKINETIC EXPOSURE AND VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN HIV-1 INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN TREATED WITH LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR: AIDS CLINICAL TRIALS GROUP PROTOCOL A5153S: A SUBSTUDY TO A5150.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of boosted soft-gel lopinavir/ritonavir to assess if the area under the plasma concent...

Machine learning methods enable predictive modeling of antibody feature:function relationships in RV144 vaccinees.

The adaptive immune response to vaccination or infection can lead to the production of specific antibodies to neutralize the pathogen or recruit innat...

Markers of HIV reservoir size and immune activation after treatment in acute HIV infection with and without raltegravir and maraviroc intensification.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether intensification of standard highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with entry and integrase inhibitors during ...

Hierarchical neural networks perform both serial and parallel processing.

In this work we study a Hebbian neural network, where neurons are arranged according to a hierarchical architecture such that their couplings scale wi...

Lung cancer prediction using neural network ensemble with histogram of oriented gradient genomic features.

This paper reports an experimental comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) ensembles and their "nonensemble" va...

BiNChE: a web tool and library for chemical enrichment analysis based on the ChEBI ontology.

BACKGROUND: Ontology-based enrichment analysis aids in the interpretation and understanding of large-scale biological data. Ontologies are hierarchies...

A comparative study of family-specific protein-ligand complex affinity prediction based on random forest approach.

The assessment of binding affinity between ligands and the target proteins plays an essential role in drug discovery and design process. As an alterna...

Ensemble learning of inverse probability weights for marginal structural modeling in large observational datasets.

Inverse probability weights used to fit marginal structural models are typically estimated using logistic regression. However, a data-adaptive procedu...

Forecasting viral evolution from phylogenetic trees

Viral mutation forecasting plays a key role in pandemic preparedness by enabling researchers to anticipate novel variants and design proactive interve...

Adaptive forecasting of antiretroviral therapy demand using machine learning in India's national HIV programme

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) stock-outs interrupt treatment, increase the risk of virologic failure and drug resistance, and erode the population-leve...

Giraffe: A Mapping Architecture from Hidden Text Representations to Visual Embeddings for Efficient Graphic Design

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in understanding and interpreting mul- timedia content. However, their ability...

When Does Visual Generation Help Visual Understanding in Unified Multimodal Models?

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) can perform both understanding and generation, raising a central question: can visual generation improve understandin...