Infectious Disease

Classifying fungi biodiversity using hybrid transformer models.

Fungi are essential members of ecosystems, playing key roles in nutrient cycling, agriculture, and medicine. Their classification into proper species helps us to understand their biodiversity, allowing us to leverage their ecological and practical benefits. A new hybrid deep learning-based technique has been proposed, merging the Vision Transformer and Swin Transformer models with transfer learnin...

Neural Spectral Prediction for Structure Elucidation with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Structural elucidation using untargeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has played a critical role in advancing scientific discovery [1, 2]. However, differentiating molecular fragmentation patterns between isobaric structures remains a prominent challenge in metabolomics [3-10], drug discovery [11-13], and reaction screening [14-17], presenting a significant barrier to the cost-effective and rap...

Machine Learning-Based Interpretable Screening for Osteoporosis in Tuberculosis Spondylitis Patients Using Blood Test Data: Development and External Validation of a Novel Web-Based Risk Calculator with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis spondylitis (TS), also known as Pott's disease, is the most common destructive form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis and poses...

Development Of the VAMPCT Score for Predicting Mortality in CKD Patients with COVID-19.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at significant risk of death. However, clinical identification of ...

Rapid and quantitative detection of Botryosphaeria dothidea by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with size-controlled spherical metal nanoparticles combined with machine learning.

Botryosphaeria dothidea infection has become a major factor affecting the quality of postharvest fruits, so detection of B. dothidea infection is very...

Evaluating sentiment analysis models: A comparative analysis of vaccination tweets during the COVID-19 phase leveraging DistilBERT for enhanced insights.

This study investigates public sentiment toward COVID-19 vaccinations by analyzing Twitter data using advanced machine learning (ML) and natural langu...

Uncovering Key Features for Predicting Comorbid Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia in Chronic Rhinosinusitis via Machine Learning.

BACKGROUND: Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) can occur concurrently with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, crucial features of comorbid CEP i...

Hyperspectral Imaging for Rapid Detection of Common Infected Bacteria Based on Fluorescence Effect.

The rapid and accurate detection of bacterial infections in wounds is crucial for clinical diagnosis. Traditional methods, such as bacterial culture a...

Assessing the performance of a point-of-need diagnostic algorithm in rapid detection of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis (Mobile-TB-Lab): a diagnostic evaluation study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is central to ensuring the proper treatment and curbing the transmission of the diseas...

Integrated plasma and vegetation proteomic characterization of infective endocarditis for early diagnosis and treatment.

Infective endocarditis, a life-threatening condition, poses challenges for early diagnosis and personalized treatment due to insufficient biomarkers a...

AMPGen: an evolutionary information-reserved and diffusion-driven generative model for de novo design of antimicrobial peptides.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled de novo design of functional proteins, circumventing the reliance on natural templat...

Molecular detection of hrHPV-induced high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix through a targeted RNA next generation sequencing assay.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer screening programs are increasingly relying on sensitive molecular approaches as primary tests to detect high-risk human p...

A solution to the postantibiotic era: phages as precision medicine.

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections pose a significant global health challenge. Phage therapy provides a promising alternative to antibiotics th...

From Fragile Lives to Forensic Truth: Multimodal Forensic Approaches to Pediatric Homicide and Suspect Death.

Forensic investigation of child homicides presents unique challenges due to the vulnerability of children and the complexity of distinguishing betwee...

Harnessing AI for aphasia: a case report on ChatGPT's role in supporting written expression.

INTRODUCTION: Aphasia is associated with impairments in written language, including difficulty with sentence formulation, word finding, and editing. W...

Evaluating the efficacy of bioelectrical impedance analysis using machine learning models for the classification of goats exposed to Haemonchosis.

Rapid identification and assessment of animal health are critical for livestock productivity, especially for small ruminants like goats, which are hig...

Cell death-related signature genes: risk-predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in severe sepsis.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that predisposes to severe lung infections (SeALAR) such as sepsis-associated acute lung injury (S...

Discovery of CYP1A1 Inhibitors for Host-Directed Therapy against Sepsis.

Bacterial sepsis remains a leading cause of death globally, exacerbated by the rise of multidrug resistance (MDR). Host-directed therapy (HDT) has eme...

Identification of NLRP3 Inflammasome-associated Biomarkers by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis in Neuropathic Pain.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic disease due to nerve injury, viral infections, etc. Inflammatory factors are a key part of its pathological mechani...

Artificial Intelligence model to predict resistances in Gram-negative bloodstream infections.

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are promising tools for predicting antimicrobial susceptibility in gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI). ...