Infectious Disease

Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted exome reanalysis greatly aids in the identification of new positive cases and reduces analysis time in a clinical diagnostic laboratory.

PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence (AI) and variant prioritization tools for genomic variant analysis are being rapidly developed for use in clinical diagnostic testing. However, their clinical utility and reliability are currently limited. Therefore, we performed a validation of a commercial AI tool (Moon) and a comprehensive reanalysis of previously collected clinical exome sequencing cases using ...

Lateral bending and buckling aids biological and robotic earthworm anchoring and locomotion.

Earthworms () are characterized by soft, highly flexible and extensible bodies, and are capable of locomoting in most terrestrial environments. Previous studies of earthworm movement focused on the use of retrograde peristaltic gaits in which controlled contraction of longitudinal and circular muscles results in waves of shortening/thickening and thinning/lengthening of the hydrostatic skeleton. T...

An interpretable machine learning model based on a quick pre-screening system enables accurate deterioration risk prediction for COVID-19.

A high-performing interpretable model is proposed to predict the risk of deterioration in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The model was ...

Drug repurposing for COVID-19 using graph neural network and harmonizing multiple evidence.

Since the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019 and the pandemic continues for more than one year, a vast amount of drug research...

Comparative Study on the Efficacy of MF 59, ISA70 VG, and Nano-Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvants, Alone and with Nano-Selenium on Humoral Immunity Induced by a Bivalent Newcastle+Avian Influenza Vaccine in Chickens.

Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian influenza (AI) are the major problems and the most economically important viral diseases in the poultry industry; the...

Optimizing Lipofectamine LTX Complex and G-418 Concentration for Improvement of Transfection Efficiency in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Conventional cancer therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are not tumor site-specific and have cytotoxic and harmful side effe...

Leveraging artificial intelligence to assist the ethical and science-based distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.

A fully automatic artificial intelligence-based CT image analysis system for accurate detection, diagnosis, and quantitative severity evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES: An accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial for the appropriate treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This study aims to develop an art...

Identification of antibiotic resistance and virulence-encoding factors in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Raman spectroscopy and deep learning.

Klebsiella pneumoniae has become the number one bacterial pathogen that causes high mortality in clinical settings worldwide. Clinical K. pneumoniae s...

Short- and Long-Term Recovery after Moderate/Severe AKI in Patients with and without COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Severe AKI is strongly associated with poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data on renal recovery are lacking.

Mild Adverse Events of Sputnik V Vaccine in Russia: Social Media Content Analysis of Telegram via Deep Learning.

BACKGROUND: There is a limited amount of data on the safety profile of the COVID-19 vector vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V). Previous infodemiology s...

Association between Ureteral Clamping Time and Acute Kidney Injury during Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy.

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is replacing open radical cystectomy (ORC) and requires clamping of the ureters, resulting in a predispositio...

Development of a Machine learning image segmentation-based algorithm for the determination of the adequacy of Gram-stained sputum smear images.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML) prepares and trains a model through supervised or unsupervised learning methods. Sputum, a respiratory tract secreti...

A Theoretical Comprehensive Framework for the Process of Theories Formation.

Scientists rely more and more upon computerized data mining and artificial intelligence to analyze data sets and identify association rules, which ser...

Biomimetic sharkskin surfaces with antibacterial, cytocompatible, and drug delivery properties.

Fighting with the infection is one of the most challenging and costly burdens of the healthcare system. Several types of antibiotics and antibacterial...

Machine Learning-based Voice Assessment for the Detection of Positive and Recovered COVID-19 Patients.

Many virological tests have been implemented during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for diagnostic purposes, but they appear unsuitab...

Automatic classification of severity of COVID-19 patients using texture feature and random forest based on computed tomography images.

Severity assessment of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) using chest computed tomography (CT) scan is crucial for the effective administration of the r...

Using explainable machine learning to characterise data drift and detect emergent health risks for emergency department admissions during COVID-19.

A key task of emergency departments is to promptly identify patients who require hospital admission. Early identification ensures patient safety and a...

Long-term safety and efficacy of rilpivirine in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1 infected patients: 336-week rollover study of phase 2b and 3 clinical studies.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of rilpivirine (RPV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), in combinati...

Diagnostic Value of Deep Learning-Based CT Feature for Severe Pulmonary Infection.

The study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) images based on cavity convolution U-Net algorithm for patients with sever...