Infectious Disease

Integrative single-cell profiling and explainable AI identify monocyte-metabolic signatures as diagnostic biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets in tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a formidable global health threat, yet rapid and accurate diagnostic biomarkers capturing host immune-metabolic dysregulation remain elusive. Here, we aimed to map the TB immune microenvironment and engineer a reliable, explainable diagnostic signature targeting the macrophage-associated immune-metabolic axis. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) as an explora...

Overcoming cellular secretion bottlenecks: advanced secretion engineering and molecular tailoring for next-generation microbial α-amylases with enhanced industrial performance.

α-amylases are indispensable industrial biocatalysts, yet their recombinant production faces significant biochemical and cellular bottlenecks. Recent scientific advancement shifts the paradigm from traditional cloning toward a design-parameter framework, where host selection predominantly Bacillus subtilis, Pichia pastoris, and Aspergillus niger is dictated by secretion capacity, folding landscape...

Dual-Recognition AIEgens-Lysozyme Assemblies for Interpretable Machine Learning-Enabled Sensor Arrays: Toward Rapid and Transparent Surveillance of Microbial Threats.

Array-based sensing technology holds immense potential for the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria. Nevertheless, developing a universal strat...

Allosteric targeting of the ACE2 dimer interface by a medium-sized compound inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), enters host cells via intera...

Characterising 'Watch and Wait' prescribing patterns in paediatric otitis media using large language models and pharmacy dispense data.

OBJECTIVES: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a leading cause of antibiotic prescribing in children although many cases resolve without treatment. 'Watch an...

Multidimensional Pathogen Fingerprinting via DNA Scaffold-Confined Enzymatic Synthesis of Silicon Quantum Dots.

Accurate and highly sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria is essential to public health. Conventional biosensors often rely on bulk signal amplif...

Computational screening of antimicrobial peptide analogs targeting AdeB efflux transporter protein in Acinetobacter baumannii associated with multidrug resistance.

Overexpression of the AdeABC efflux pump is crucial in conferring multidrug resistance (MDR) in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Its primary su...

Optimizing Amiodarone Maintenance Dose to Minimize N-Desethylamiodarone Accumulation and Pulmonary Toxicity: Insights from Machine Learning and Pharmacokinetic Simulation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The accumulation of N-desethylamiodarone (DEA), an active metabolite of amiodarone, is a recognized risk factor for intersti...

A Novel ConvNeXtV2-MIL Approach for Accurate and Efficient Classification of Microscopic Fungal Morphology.

Fungal infections, especially in people with weakened immune systems, are a significant global health burden. Accurate identification of fungal morpho...

Computer-Aided Rational Modification of Hst 5 Based on Ssa1/2 and the Antifungal Activity of the Derivatives against Candida spp.

The natural antifungal peptide Histatin 5 (Hst 5) is a histidine-rich cationic peptide secreted by human salivary glands and a key component of oral i...

PCT-Anchored Machine Learning for Pre-Culture Identification of Gram-Negative Sepsis in Children: A Four-Site Study.

OBJECTIVE: Procalcitonin (PCT) has moderate accuracy for bacteremia detection but is infrequently used in pediatric emergency departments, partly due ...

Interpretable machine learning via symbolic classification of radiomic texture and morphological features for pediatric pneumonia detection from chest X-rays.

Explainable artificial intelligence in medical imaging is currently dominated by post-hoc tools that rationalise the decisions of otherwise opaque dee...

Early prediction of severe Omicron pneumonia using a multimodal a.i. model integrating delta CT radiomics and laboratory indicators.

Early identification of patients at risk of severe pneumonia during Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for optimizing care and allocating resour...

Early thermal pulses drive interfacial pre-aging and plastisphere pre-shaping: An overlooked pre-conditioning pathway in PLA microplastic aging during composting.

Polylactic acid (PLA), promoted as a "compostable" alternative to petroleum-based plastics, often persists as microplastics (MPs) in compost that re-e...

Effectiveness of screening protocols to reduce MRSA colonization in a pediatric hospital.

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen that can be carried asymptomatically or cause invasive i...

Precision culturomics enabled by unlabeled single-cell morphology and Raman spectra.

Selective enrichment of target bacteria from complex communities, such as the human microbiome, has remained a challenge. Here, we report precision si...

Fitness translocation: improving variant effect prediction with biologically-grounded data augmentation.

MOTIVATION: Data scarcity limits the characterization of protein fitness landscapes and the development of accurate variant effect prediction models. ...

Engineered Neutrophils in Translational Medicine: Gene Editing, Nanotechnology, and AI-Driven Clinical Breakthroughs.

Engineered neutrophils, modified via advanced biotechnological tools, are emerging as pivotal agents in translational medicine. By integrating gene ed...

Hepatology e-consult responses generated by artificial intelligence demonstrate accuracy but require human oversight.

BACKGROUND: Electronic consultations (e-consults) improve specialist access but burden providers. We developed LiVersa, a customized large language mo...

Association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and risk of urinary tract infection in children: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common bacterial infections in children and can lead to both acute and chronic complicatio...