Infectious Disease

Accurate prediction of mortality in children with sepsis: development and validation of an explainable model based on real-world data.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis remains the leading cause of in-hospital deaths among children, and there is currently a lack of precise early prediction models. This study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning (IML) model to predict in-hospital mortality in pediatric patients diagnosed with sepsis according to the 2024 Phoenix Sepsis Diagnostic Criteria. METHODS: This single-center retrospective ...

Network analysis of pairwise relative tuberculosis transmission probabilities in Lima, Peru.

Identifying transmission events is important in understanding infectious disease dynamics. Such events are typically unobservable, particularly in respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). We apply network techniques to identify transmission clusters and features shared within clusters. We estimate directed pairwise transmission probabilities via an existing iterative algorithm that employs ...

Smartphone-based Detection of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Ugandan Children: A Pilot Study.

Prompt diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis is essential for primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, yet af...

Impact of nanocarrier mediated drug delivery systems: a deep dive into therapeutics and clinical management of breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. The therapeutic li...

Artificial intelligence in paediatric chest imaging: applications, challenges, and future directions.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric chest imaging is central to diagnosing respiratory and cardiopulmonary disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countrie...

The use of logic for machine learning models in sepsis.

MeDiCNet: Integrating Multi-scale Dynamic Convolution and Enhanced Position-Aware Transformer for DNA Methylation Site Prediction.

DNA methylation is a covalent modification of cytosine and adenine bases that regulates gene expression and underlies diverse biological processes and...

Evaluation of large language models in terms of safety, contraindications, and adverse effect information related to botulinum toxin applications.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for the dissemination of health-related information. However, data regarding the accura...

The Influence of Social Media Messaging on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Attitudes and Confidence Among Adolescent Males: Group Discussion Study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine being available to males for the past 12 years, adolescent males continue to lag in HPV vac...

Genomic and socioeconomic drivers of antimicrobial resistance forecast to 2050.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rising worldwide, and a better understanding of the genetic and socioeconomic determinants tied to it may establish ...

Genome-wide modelling of plant transcription factor binding captures regulatory variants associated with phenotypic traits.

The sequence-specific recognition of cis-regulatory elements (CRE) by transcription factors (TF) propagates genotype information to phenotypes. Unders...

Learning continuous activation fields from microscopic SEM images of lycoperdioid fungi via CNN-guided neural operator modeling.

Accurate interpretation of microscopic morphological features is critical for resolving taxonomic boundaries in morphologically similar fungal taxa, y...

Deep learning insights into β-lactamase dynamics and resistance evolution.

The rapid global expansion of β-lactamase-mediated antimicrobial resistance demands mechanistic approaches capable of resolving the dynamics of enzyme...

Integrating machine learning and WGCNA to identify core candidate genes and decipher immune-related molecular networks in TcdA/TcdB-associated CDI.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea and is characterized by high recurrence rates and i...

Integration of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing reveals programmed cell death-associated transcriptional programs in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a frequent and life-threatening complication of sepsis, yet clinically actionable transcriptomic...

Development and external validation of the HCH and HPMS prognostic indices for sepsis: a retrospective model development study using a Multi-Objective Non-Newtonian Fluid optimization algorithm.

BACKGROUND: The pathological heterogeneity of sepsis makes it challenging for traditional scoring systems to balance early-warning sensitivity, dynami...

Pan-pathogen vaccine approaches: Toward broad-spectrum immunity in a One Health era.

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) represent an escalating threat to global public health, as exemplified by outbreaks of COVID-19, E...

De Novo Design of Membrane-Targeting Antimicrobial Peptides Against Gram-Negative Bacteria Using a Generative Artificial Intelligence Framework.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly Gram-negative bacteria, poses significant challenges due to their robust outer membranes limiting antibio...

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Janus Dressing for Visual Wound Theranostics.

Wound exudate contains rich biochemical markers, among which dynamic pH fluctuations serve as a key predictor of infection progression and healing pro...

On-device cough detection and respiratory disease classification enhanced by generative data augmentation.

BACKGROUND: Cough sounds are accessible, non-invasive biomarkers for respiratory disease assessment and can be captured using consumer-grade smartphon...