Infectious Disease

The dynamics of hepatitis B transmission with treatment and vaccination: A case study in the Ili Region of Xinjiang, China, by a physics-informed neural networks approach.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide, and long-term control relies on sustained immunization and effective reduction of transmission. In high-burden settings, vaccination programs have expanded substantially, but there still exist differences in the immune response effect after vaccination and the phenomenon of post-vaccinati...

Diagnostic value of cytokine detection in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated by bacterial or viral co-infections.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the diagnostic value of cytokine levels in paediatric patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) complicated by bacterial or viral infections, to enhance early detection and treatment strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 145 paediatric patients with MPP at Fujian Children's Hospital between October 2023 and April 2024. The patients were ca...

A meta-analysis of gut microbiome research in malnourished African populations: a natural language processing approach.

Malnutrition still affects millions of children in Africa. Changes in the gut microbiome have been implicated in malnutrition, but there has been inco...

On the use of generative models for demographic inference in malaria vectors from genomic data.

Malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is transmitted by mosquitoes from the Anopheles genus. Efforts to control the spread of malaria have often focused on th...

How to Enhance the Learning of Veterinary Anatomy by Drawing?

The disappearance of spontaneous student-generated drawings in examinations induced us to start developing anatomical drawing tasks that would be usef...

HIV and Substance Use Reduction for Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Development and Usability Study.

BACKGROUND: Youth experiencing homelessness face heightened vulnerability to HIV infection and substance use due to complex structural, psychosocial, ...

On the usage of artificial intelligence for identifying main attributes and predicting neonatal sepsis.

During the neonatal period, newborns are more susceptible to developing conditions and diseases due to their fragility of the transition and adaptatio...

Concepts of RNA virus evolution for the design of better antiviral countermeasures.

This century, global human health has been marked by a seemingly increasing list of outbreaks and epidemics caused by RNA viruses - masters of rapid e...

The role of artificial intelligence in adenoma detection during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials-Artificial intelligence and adenoma detection.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening; however, it is limited by a substantial adenoma miss rate. We aimed to p...

Predictive triage for testing may improve control of a COVID-19 epidemic while reducing testing requirements.

BACKGROUND: Extensive population testing played a crucial role in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. However, scaling up testing capacity requires a co...

Identification of Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Related Candidate Biomarkers and Analysis of the Immune Cell Infiltration in Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder with complex pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction (MitD) is increasingly recognized as a key driver of e...

Blood biomarker trajectories in ICU-directed prediction models - A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Despite advanced analytical methods and increasing data availability, most intensive care unit (ICU) prediction models rely on static meas...

Convolutional neural network analysis of cervical CT images: classification of Kikuchi disease, lymphoma, lymphadenitis, and tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Kikuchi disease, lymphoma, lymphadenitis, and tuberculosis are common diseases affecting the head and neck. The causes and treatment metho...

On the Prediction of pDNA Productivity Across Diverse Bioprocesses Using Ensemble Hybrid Models.

The global demand for plasmid DNA (pDNA) is rapidly increasing due to its key role in the manufacture of mRNA vaccines and advanced therapy medicinal ...

Predicting mortality risk in pediatric severe pneumonia using a CNN-BiLSTM model with dynamic clinical indicators.

BACKGROUND: Severe pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years old, and there is currently a lack of reliable biomarkers for e...

Global Adoption and Readiness for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Digital Health Technologies in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC): A WHO Global Survey.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence and digital health technologies may strengthen Infection Prevention and Control through enhanced surveillance, dec...

Efficiently quantifying thermodynamic and kinetic effects of biochar pyrolysis parameters on antibiotic adsorption from water using interpretable causal machine learning.

Antibiotic pollution in aquatic environments threatens ecological and public health. Biochar is a promising biomass-derived adsorbent, yet its perform...

In-depth serum proteomics atlas of COVID-19 defines a Severity-Resistance Index from a four-protein panel for disease severity and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 exhibits seasonal epidemics with high risk of mortality in vulnerable population. Identifying accurate parameters for predicting ...

MRI-based radiomics explainable model for predicting recurrence of limb chronic osteomyelitis in limb bones treated by Masquelet technique.

AIMS: This study aimed to develop a machine learning model for predicting chronic osteomyelitis recurrence (COR) following the Masquelet technique (MT...

The Combination of Machine Learning and Metabolomics for the Clinical Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lacks biomarkers with a high sensitivity and specificity. This study was to find sensitive and s...