Infectious Disease

AI-Driven Discovery of an Allosteric Thrombin-Targeting Anticoagulant Peptide from Traditional Chinese Medicine Dilong (Pheretima aspergillum).

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dilong, the dried body of Pheretima aspergillum, is a classic traditional Chinese medicine that has been clinically used for millennia to promote blood circulation and resolve blood stasis. Modern pharmacological studies have validated its marked oral antithrombotic activity, yet its bioactive component has not been identified. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to ...

Diagnostic accuracy of serum and synovial biomarker thresholds for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection: a QUADAS-C-guided systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most serious complications after joint arthroplasty, and accurate diagnosis continues to pose significant challenges. A reliable distinction between septic and aseptic failure is essential for appropriate surgical and antibiotic management. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the most recent clinical evidence on the ...

Screening of Sepsis Diagnostic Biomarkers Based on Fumarate Metabolism-Related Genes with Analysis of Immune Infiltration and Subtype Identification.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a major global health challenge characterized by a complex pathogenesis involving an early hyperinflammatory phase followed by a...

Sustainable ectoine production: microbial fermentation, recombinant biosynthesis, downstream processing, and AI-driven process optimization.

Ectoine, a bioactive molecule, has gained significant attention in industrial applications due to its exceptional stabilizing properties. This natural...

Ensemble learning-guided discovery of anti-tuberculosis phytochemicals: computational prediction and mechanistic insights.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge driven by persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and increasing drug resistance. Ph...

Understanding antimicrobial resistance dynamics of non-typhoidal Salmonella in chickens and ducks - a prospective study from West Bengal, India.

This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of Salmonella enterica (n = 446) of poultry origin (n = 1020) collected from West B...

Spatial AI consistently preferred to state-of-the-art hearing aids in multitalker noise.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the Spatial AI model running on the Fortell AI hearing aids to see whether it improves perceived ease of understanding in noisy...

Federated learning with swarm intelligence for efficient and secure medical image analysis.

Collaborative learning in healthcare faces challenges, including strict regulations and fragmented data. This research introduces a federated learning...

Direct carbapenemase typing from disc diffusion antibiograms with MALCA (MAchine Learning CArbapenemase).

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) present limited therapeutic options. Optimal treatment requires identifying the carbapenemase type, oft...

Strategies of high-accuracy memristor-based analogue computing in memory for artificial intelligence.

Memristor-based analogue computing in memory (CIM) offers revolutionary gains in energy efficiency and computing power for data-intensive applications...

Transcriptomic Analysis of Shared Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Hepatitis B and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Weighted Gene Expression Network Analysis.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequently coexist, and lipid metabolic dysregulation may represent a shared b...

Disentangling the Network Structure of Online Social Support: A Multilayer Network Analysis of a Twitter Long COVID Community.

Online social support has been shown to be an important resource for people experiencing chronic illnesses. Although numerous studies have examined on...

An artificial intelligence classifier as a screening tool to rule out otitis media in children.

OBJECTIVE: Acute otitis media is the most common bacterial infection among children and a significant global health burden. Despite its high incidence...

GATA3 mediates the cardioprotective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow a against septic cardiomyopathy: insights from integrated machine learning, WGCNA, and experimental validation.

UNLABELLED: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy represents a life-threatening complication arising from severe sepsis and septic shock. Hydroxysafflor yello...

Exploring anti-dengue activity with atomic-weighted vectors, class balancing and machine learning.

Dengue is a major mosquito-borne viral disease with no effective antiviral treatment currently available. This work introduces a machine-learning fram...

Protein Language Model Embeddings Improve HIV Drug Resistance Prediction: A Comprehensive Benchmark with Attention-Based Interpretability.

MOTIVATION: Accurate prediction of HIV drug resistance from viral sequences is critical for optimising antiretroviral therapy. Traditional machine-lea...

Application of multimodal ultrasound radiomics in the diagnosis of superficial lymph node tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop preoperative diagnostic models for superficial lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) using radiomic features extracted from multimodal ...

The association between plasma IgG N-glycosylation and viral encephalitis in children: a hospital-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Viral encephalitis (VE) is an acute inflammatory disease caused by viral infection. Children are at a significantly higher risk of develop...

Breaking the culture habit: Complementing culture-based veterinary diagnostics with metagenomic data -A case study of feline and canine skin infections.

BACKGROUND: Skin infections have been described as the primary cause for veterinary small animal practice visits, frequently requiring topical and sys...

Generative models for antimicrobial peptide design: auto-encoders and beyond.

BACKGROUND: As the number of multi-resistant pathogens grows rapidly, new strategies to accelerate the development of antimicrobial drugs are urgently...