Infectious Disease

The oral-gut microbiome axis in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and emerging clinical perspectives.

Emerging evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM) is not only a metabolic disorder but also a mucosal disease shaped by microbial interactions across body niches. This review synthesizes current evidence on the oral-gut microbiome axis in DM, focusing on microbial transmission, functional overlap, and clinical relevance. A systematic search of six databases identified studies profiling paired...

Transformer-based super-resolution lung CT images improve visualization of multiple diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the Transformer-based Swin2SR model for super-resolution (SR) enhancement of lung CT images and its clinical potential. METHODS: Chest CT scans from 303 patients at three hospitals were retrospectively included. Standard 512-matrix images were enhanced to 1024- and 2048-matrix versions (SR-1024, SR-2048). Image noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for lung tissue, muscle, an...

Revisiting the NETs-CYBB-p38 MAPK axis in bronchiectasis: The underlying oxidative injury mechanism.

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a chronic neutrophilic respiratory disease frequently complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection. N...

Rational Design of Broad-Spectrum Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors via Pharmacophore-Oriented Generative Artificial Intelligence.

Guided by the pharmacophore-oriented molecular generation platform PhoreGen, we employed rilpivirine (RPV) as a lead compound to generate 300 structur...

Digital holographic microscopy: use of artificial intelligence to enable rapid blood culture Gram stain digitization and interpretation.

Gram staining is one of the most commonly performed tests in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Results are used to both guide empiric antimicrobia...

Prediction of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae by MALDI-TOF MS, ensemble learning, and spectral peak annotation.

The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae represents a serious global health challenge. Rapid and accurate detection met...

Structural and dynamic characterization of MirA-like xenosiderophore transporters in Fusarium: in silico modeling and in vitro validation.

Fusarium, an omnipresent fungus is known for its pathogenic potential. Pathogenic fungi like all other organisms need iron and are known to produce si...

Analyzing Misinformation and Disinformation: Understanding Swiss COVID-19 Narratives Through Natural Language Processing Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the challenges posed by the rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation, exacerbating societal...

Imaging Modalities in Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extrapulmonary forms complicating dia...

AI-guided multi-omics analysis identifies NPC1-modulated susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection under PM2.5 exposure.

Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to increased risk of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co...

MetaCAM as an ensemble-based class activation mapping framework improves model explainability.

The need for clear, trustworthy explanations of deep learning model predictions is essential for high-criticality fields, such as medicine and biometr...

Neoantigen Targeting as a Novel Approach for Therapy-Resistant Tumors.

Neoantigens have emerged as central targets in the development of individualized cancer vaccines, as they are recognized by the immune system as forei...

Dual-Peptide Nanoplatform: Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized With a Cell-Penetrating Peptide and Loaded With Rationally Designed Antimicrobial Peptides for Tuberculosis Therapy.

Tuberculosis remains a major infectious disease worldwide and demands new therapeutic approaches capable of targeting intracellular Mycobacterium tube...

Comparative evaluation of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles for microorganism concentration: From standard strains to cerebrospinal fluid samples using statistical and artificial neural network modeling.

Magnetic nanoparticle based concentration of microorganisms is an effective strategy for improving detection efficiency in low biomass biological samp...

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of clinically relevant genetic mutations via nanoparticle surface localized amplification and machine learning.

Genetic mutation detection is crucial for early disease diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and the implementation of precision medicine, as it enables t...

Reinforcement learning for real-time adaptive radiotherapy.

State-of-the-art radiotherapy machines with integrated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, known as MR-Linacs, provide the capability to track tumors in ...

Virtual cell/virtual cell like: The key to unlocking a new era of HIV/AIDS treatment ?

Virtual Cell (VC) technology, as an interdisciplinary frontier at the intersection of systems biology and computational biology, aims to precisely sim...

WGCNA and machine learning identify mitochondria programmed cell death-related genes as diagnostic biomarkers for septic shock.

Septic shock (SS), the most severe stage of sepsis, has a high mortality rate. Mitochondria-mediated programmed cell death (MPCD) plays a key role in ...

Establishment and validation of a machine learning-based prediction model for sepsis-induced coagulopathy.

Clinical Care Practices Shape Microbiome-Associated Bloodstream Infection Risk in Geographically Distinct NICUs.

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSI) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Although BSI pathogens vary geographicall...