Nuclear Medicine

Adjunctive dental therapies in caries-active children: Shifting the cariogenic salivary microbiome from dysbiosis towards non-cariogenic health.

BACKGROUND: The oral microbiome is a complex assembly of microbial species, whose constituents can tilt the balance towards progression of oral disease or sustained health. Recently we identified sex-specific differences in the salivary microbiome contained within caries-active and caries-free children. In this study, we sought to ascertain if adjunctive dental therapies, including povidone iodine...

Deep-Learning Generation of Synthetic Intermediate Projections Improves Lu SPECT Images Reconstructed with Sparsely Acquired Projections.

The aims of this study were to decrease the Lu-SPECT acquisition time by reducing the number of projections and to circumvent image degradation by adding deep-learning-generated synthesized projections. We constructed a deep convolutional U-net-shaped neural network for generation of synthetic intermediate projections (CUSIPs). The number of SPECT investigations was 352 for training, 37 for valid...

Human thermal sensation over a mountainous area, revealed by the application of ANNs: the case of Ainos Mt., Kefalonia Island, Greece.

Mt. Ainos in Kefalonia Island, Greece, hosts a large variety of plant species, some of them endemic to the region. Because of its rich biodiversity, a...

Improving depth-of-interaction resolution in pixellated PET detectors using neural networks.

Parallax error is a common issue in high-resolution preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) scanners as well as in clinical scanners that have ...

Development of Convolutional Neural Networks to identify bone metastasis for prostate cancer patients in bone scintigraphy.

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this work is to build a robust Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm that efficiently and quickly classifies bone sc...

Relationship between Coronary Iodine Concentration Determined Using Spectral CT and the Outcome of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Chronic Total Occlusion.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of coronary iodine concentration (CIC) by using spectral CT in the assessment of the outcome of percutaneous coro...

Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in an Experimental Rat Model.

Machine learning (ML) algorithms permit the integration of different features into a model to perform classification or regression tasks with an accur...

Bone metastasis classification using whole body images from prostate cancer patients based on convolutional neural networks application.

Bone metastasis is one of the most frequent diseases in prostate cancer; scintigraphy imaging is particularly important for the clinical diagnosis of ...

Morphological Characterization of Functional Brain Imaging by Isosurface Analysis in Parkinson's Disease.

Finding new biomarkers to model Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a challenge not only to help discerning between Healthy Control (HC) subjects and patients...

Performance of Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT for diagnosis and grading of local prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the utility of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for the detection of local disease within the prostat...

AI-driven attenuation correction for brain PET/MRI: Clinical evaluation of a dementia cohort and importance of the training group size.

INTRODUCTION: Robust and reliable attenuation correction (AC) is a prerequisite for accurate quantification of activity concentration. In combined PET...

Motion correction of respiratory-gated PET images using deep learning based image registration framework.

Artifacts caused by patient breathing and movement during PET data acquisition affect image quality. Respiratory gating is commonly used to gate the l...

Improved myocardial perfusion PET imaging using artificial neural networks.

Myocardial perfusion (MP) PET imaging plays a key role in risk assessment and stratification of patients with coronary artery disease. In this work, w...

Reinventing radiation therapy with machine learning and imaging bio-markers (radiomics): State-of-the-art, challenges and perspectives.

Radiation therapy is a pivotal cancer treatment that has significantly progressed over the last decade due to numerous technological breakthroughs. Im...

Automated diagnosis of bone metastasis based on multi-view bone scans using attention-augmented deep neural networks.

Bone scintigraphy is accepted as an effective diagnostic tool for whole-body examination of bone metastasis. However, the manual analysis of bone scin...

Robot companion cats for people at home with dementia: A qualitative case study on companotics.

The use of robot companion pets for people in care homes has been extensively studied. The results are largely positive and suggest that they are valu...

Feasibility of Multiparametric Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a One-Stop Shop for Radiation Therapy Planning for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer.

PURPOSE: Multiparametric positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a one-stop shop for radiation therapy (RT) planning ha...

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Conventional Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Functional and Surgical Outcomes of a Prospective Single Surgeon Randomized Study.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) are commonly used techniques for treating small renal masses. Re...

The application of deep learning based diagnostic system to cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions recognition in colposcopy images.

Background Deep learning has presented considerable potential and is gaining more importance in computer assisted diagnosis. As the gold standard for ...

Predicting PET Cerebrovascular Reserve with Deep Learning by Using Baseline MRI: A Pilot Investigation of a Drug-Free Brain Stress Test.

Background Cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) may be measured by using an acetazolamide test to clinically evaluate patients with cerebrovascular disease. ...