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Nuclear Medicine

Latest AI and machine learning research in nuclear medicine for healthcare professionals.

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Showing 1261-1280 of 6,530 articles

When Brains Disagree: Biological Ambiguity Underlies the Challenge of Amyloid PET Synthesis from Structural MRI

Structural MRI-to-amyloid PET synthesis has been proposed as a non-invasive alternative for amyloid assessment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, reported performance of identical models varies widely across studies, and increasingly complex architectures have not led to consistent gains. This inconsistency is thought to be caused by a fundamental biological ambiguity: MRI captures neurodegener...

May 12 2026 2605.11867v1

Dual-view Guided Context-aware Network for Automated Bone Lesion Segmentation and Quantification in Whole-body SPECT

Whole-body SPECT bone scintigraphy reflects skeletal metabolic activity throughout the body and plays an indispensable role in the screening, treatment evaluation, and prognostic assessment of bone metastases in tumors. However, the automatic detection and segmentation of hypermetabolic bone lesions remain challenging due to low contrast, limited spatial resolution, and complex lesion distribution...

CT Attenuation Map Derived Body Composition Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Multicenter External Validation

Aim: Exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk. In patients unable to exercise, body composition analysis can potentially be us...

The autoPET3 Challenge -- Automated Lesion Segmentation in Whole-Body PET/CT - Multitracer Multicenter Generalization

We report the design and results of the third autoPET challenge (MICCAI 2024), which benchmarked automated lesion segmentation in whole-body PET/CT un...

May 7 2026 2605.05775v1
Generating synthetic tau-PET scans in Alzheimer's disease from MRI, blood biomarkers and demographics with deep learning

Tau protein aggregation in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positron emission tomography (PET) is the only in vivo method to visua...

Virtual Scanning for NSCLC Histology: Investigating the Discriminatory Power of Synthetic PET

Accurate histological differentiation between adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is critical for personalized treatment in non-sma...

May 4 2026 2605.02746v1
Screening for patients at risk for cardiac amyloidosis via electronic health records: A multicenter machine learning development and validation study

Background Timely detection is crucial to improve outcomes in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) by initiation of life-saving treatments. Although...

Point Cloud Registration for Fusion between SPECT MPI and CTA Images

Clinical fusion of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (SPECT MPI) and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) remai...

Apr 27 2026 2604.24524v1
Structure-Adaptive Sparse Diffusion in Voxel Space for 3D Medical Image Enhancement

Three-dimensional (3D) medical image enhancement, including denoising and super-resolution, is critical for clinical diagnosis in CT, PET, and MRI. Al...

Apr 20 2026 2604.17773v1
Region-Grounded Report Generation for 3D Medical Imaging: A Fine-Grained Dataset and Graph-Enhanced Framework

Automated medical report generation for 3D PET/CT imaging is fundamentally challenged by the high-dimensional nature of volumetric data and a critical...

Apr 20 2026 2604.18145v1
Improved Multiscale Structural Mapping with Supervertex Vision Transformer for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's disease (AD) confirmation often relies on positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, which are costly and i...

Apr 16 2026 2604.14837v1
Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation for PET-Free Amyloid-Beta Detection from MRI

Detecting amyloid-$β$ (A$β$) positivity is crucial for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease but typically requires PET imaging, which is costly, inv...

Apr 14 2026 2604.12574v1
Cross-Cohort Generalizability of Plasma Biomarker Machine Learning Models Reveals Calibration-Driven Degradation in Clinical Utility

BackgroundPlasma biomarkers demonstrate strong within-cohort performance for identifying cerebral amyloid pathology, but their real-world clinical uti...

Multidomain Analysis of Clinical Cognitive Assessments and Imaging Data in Alzheimer's Disease Accurately Predicts Disease Stage and Grade Independent of Amyloid and Tau

Background Individual clinical cognitive assessments (CCA) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) provide broad disease stratification but are limited in sensit...

Precision Synthesis of Multi-Tracer PET via VLM-Modulated Rectified Flow for Stratifying Mild Cognitive Impairment

The biological definition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) relies on multi-modal neuroimaging, yet the clinical utility of positron emission tomography (PE...

Apr 13 2026 2604.11176v1
Time-driven Survival Analysis from FDG-PET/CT in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: Automated medical image-based prediction of clinical outcomes, such as overall survival (OS), has great potential in improving patient progno...

Apr 8 2026 2604.06885v1
Bridging MRI and PET physiology: Untangling complementarity through orthogonal representations

Multimodal imaging analysis often relies on joint latent representations, yet these approaches rarely define what information is shared versus modalit...

Apr 8 2026 2604.07154v1
A unified model for staging amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease

Biological staging models are a key tool for assessing the severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), supporting personalized medicine and playing a critic...

MRI-to-CT synthesis using drifting models

Accurate MRI-to-CT synthesis could enable MR-only pelvic workflows by providing CT-like images with bone details while avoiding additional ionizing ra...

Mar 30 2026 2603.28498v1
Longitudinal Boundary Sharpness Coefficient Slopes Predict Time to Alzheimer's Disease Conversion in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Survival Analysis Using the ADNI Cohort

Predicting whether someone with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial in the early stages of neurodegen...

Mar 27 2026 2603.26007v1
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