Oncology/Hematology

Contemporary Management of Radiation Necrosis: Insights and Avenues.

Radiation necrosis (RN) remains a challenging complication of upfront radiation therapy for both brain metastases and primary tumors. Despite development of an array of advanced imaging modalities to differentiate RN and true tumor progression, tissue diagnosis remains the gold standard. Synergizing artificial intelligence to assist with imaging and intraoperative pathologic diagnosis may represen...

Lesion-level dual-tracer PET biomarkers predict prognosis in multiple myeloma treated with CXCR4-directed radiopharmaceutical therapy.

BACKGROUND: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-directed radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) represents a promising option for hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, responses in relapsed and refractory (r/r) multiple myeloma (MM) are heterogenous, emphasizing the need for optimized patient selection before RPT. Current approaches mostly rely on qualitative assessments, confirming relevant CXC...

An odyssey of monoclonal gammopathies: focusing on precursors and the progression from MGUS and SMM to multiple Myeloma, with a brief overview of novel therapeutic strategies.

Monoclonal gammopathies span a continuum from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) to overt...

Accuracy of ChatGPT in differentiating ocular surface neoplasms using text-based summaries: a comparative analysis of pterygium, pseudopterygium, and CIN.

PURPOSE: Differentiating conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from pterygium and pseudopterygium remains clinically challenging, especially in...

Artificial Intelligence for radiation dose reduction in computed tomography: a narrative synthesis of clinical evidence from 2020 to 2025.

Computed tomography (CT) is essential to modern clinical practice but contributes substantially to population radiation exposure, particularly in onco...

Artificial intelligence-powered predictive tools to improve end-of-life decision-making: mini-review.

BACKGROUND: Uncertainty around a patient's prognosis at the end of life remains a major barrier to timely palliative-care involvement and alignment of...

Adaptive example selection for prototype based explainable mitosis detection in digital pathology.

Understanding the decision-making process of black-box neural networks is crucial for safe use of AI in high-stakes medical tasks such as histopatholo...

Clinical-grade autonomous cytopathology through whole-slide edge tomography.

Cytopathology, often abbreviated as cytology, has a central role in the early detection of cancer, such as cervical, lung and bladder cancers, owing t...

A Multimodal fusion model for predicting nasopharyngeal necrosis after re-irradiation in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To construct a multimodal model integrating computed tomography (CT) imaging, radiotherapy dose, and clinical features to address the clin...

Artificial intelligence application in routine pathology: ChatGPT-4.0 and Gemini 2.5 pro performance in detection of MMR-deficiency in colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a crucial step in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This study aimed to ...

Single-cell systems network and machine learning dissection of ferroptosis in recurrent glioblastoma highlights astrocytic ZFP36 as a therapeutic hub for network medicine repurposing.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (rGBM) arises after conventional treatment strategies for primary GBM (pGBM) fail, leading to a more agg...

Development and multicenter validation of a predictive model for malignant pleural effusion recurrence.

Early prediction of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) recurrence within 3 months is essential for optimizing management in lung cancer patients. This s...

Systemic immunometabolic profiling classifies cisplatin sensitivity states using interpretable machine learning.

Cisplatin resistance limits the effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma, yet practical systemic diagnostics for cisplatin...

Growth differentiation factor 15 promotes the malignant progression of multiple myeloma via activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Gut Microbiome as a Lifestyle Risk Factor Associated with Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most prostate cancer prevention strategies suggest lifestyle modifications, which lack personalization. Gut microbiome is in...

Automated CLL cell population detection using a weakly supervised approach and CLL MRD flow cytometry data.

Minimal/measurable residual disease detection is routinely performed as part of post-diagnostic treatment plans for many types of cancer, for which mu...

Analysing DCE-MRI scans using hybrid techniques for early detection of prostate cancer based on fusion features of handcrafted and deep learning features.

Prostate cancer is among the most diagnosed malignancies in men worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Early and accurate diagnosi...

Artificial intelligence-based smartphone application for skin cancer detection: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: Smartphone applications that use artificial intelligence (AI) for skin cancer diagnosis may assist in early detection. However, prospectiv...

ERBB2 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Prostate Cancer: Integration of Single-Cell Transcriptomics, Deep Learning, and Immunohistochemical Validation.

Biochemical recurrence (BCR) is a critical factor affecting the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) patients, while T cell exhaustion and metastatic pr...

A Novel Approach to Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis via CT Imaging: GPT-4o-Driven Automated Feature Recognition and Validation in Clinical Settings.

BACKGROUND: Accurate non-invasive diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer remains challenging because of the limited number of biomarkers. Although ar...