Oncology/Hematology

Interpretable machine learning models for predicting depression status and remission three years later in older adults in China: A longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Depression significantly impacts older adults, making it valuable to use machine learning to predict their future depressive status and assess whether currently depressed older adults may experience remission in the future. METHODS: This study included a total of 5310 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Wave 3 and 4. We used five machine learning algori...

A systematic review of vision and vision-language foundation models in ophthalmology.

BACKGROUND: Vision and vision-language foundation models, a subset of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks, have shown transformative potential in various medical fields. In ophthalmology, these models, particularly large language models and vision-based models, have demonstrated great potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance treatment planning, and streamline clinical workflo...

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictive Biomarker for Hypoxia, Treatment De-escalation, and Recurrence in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parametric values...

Deep Learning-Based Motion-Compensated Reconstruction for Accelerating 4-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting.

PURPOSE: To develop and validate DeepMocor, a deep learning-based method for motion-compensated 4-dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting (4D-MR...

Utility of the PROSTest, a Novel Blood-Based Molecular Assay, Versus PSA for Prostate Cancer Stratification and Detection of Disease.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid organ cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. PSA help...

Balancing Bias and Variance in Deep Learning-Based Tumor Microstructural Parameter Mapping.

PURPOSE: Time-dependent diffusion MRI enables quantification of tumor microstructural parameters useful for diagnosis and prognosis. Nevertheless, cur...

Multi-omics and machine learning framework reveals ABCG2 as a therapeutic target of Eleven Flavored Shenqi Tablets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eleven Flavored Shenqi Tablets (EFST) is a classical multi-herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, tradit...

Physics-informed deep learning sharpens nano diagnostics for elusive pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic disease affects over 10% of the world population, and the most dangerous is pancreatic cancer (PC). The disease is mostly of late age of on...

Artificial Intelligence and Radiogenomics for Pediatric CNS Neoplasms.

The 5th edition of the WHO CNS tumor classification (2021) emphasizes molecular alterations, especially in pediatric tumors, integrating histology wit...

Fully automated volumetric assessment of tumor burden using artificial intelligence on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET predicts survival after 177Lu-PSMA therapy in metastatic Castration-resistant prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Despite the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered automated segmentation tools for PET/CT imaging, their prognostic value...

PerturbSynX: Deep learning framework for predicting drug combination synergy scores using drug induced gene perturbation data.

Drug synergy prediction plays a vital role in the discovery of effective cancer combination therapies by identifying drug pairs that work better toget...

AI-assisted basal cell carcinoma diagnosis with LC-OCT: A multicentric retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, requiring an early diagnosis and accurate margin definition to prevent function...

Multidimensional Artificial Intelligence-Based Cancer Progression Prediction in Oral Leukoplakia.

Oral cancer often develops from oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common oral potentially malignant disorder. Ho...

Utility of multimodal deep learning model to diagnose lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer using computed tomography and positron emission tomography images.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the performance of a deep learning model using multimodal imaging for detecting lymph node metastasis in esophagea...

Development and external validation of interpretable machine learning models for personalized multiple treatment recommendations in non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Treatment decision-making for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is complex, necessitating individualized decision-support tools to improve...

Characterization, sources, and driving factors of particulate matter (PM) pollution in a desert hinterland city: Insights from Hotan, China.

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) pollution is severe in southern Xinjiang, especially near the Taklimakan Desert, where air quality is affected by ...

Applying machine learning to explore association models between environmental hormones, breast cancer, and a dietary and health education improvement program: an investigative study.

Traditional risk factor screening for breast cancer focuses on reproductive and family history. However, an increasing number of young patients withou...

Virtual screening and experimental validation of small-molecule compounds targeting AR in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer ranks as the second most prevalent malignancy among men, with its progression predominantly driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling...

The Application of Radiomics in Laryngeal Cancer Management: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

OBJECTIVE: Laryngeal cancer is a significant head and neck malignancy, whose prevalence is increasing. Radiomics consists of high-dimensional and repr...

Astroimmunology: the effects of spaceflight and its associated stressors on the immune system.

As humans embark on longer and deeper missions into space, it is crucial to understand how spaceflight impacts the immune system. Decades of discoveri...