Ophthalmology

Multidrug resistance in cancer: current understandings and future perspective.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains the core clinical barrier limiting the achievement of durable and effective treatment for various tumors. With the deepening of understanding, MDR has been redefined from the traditional, static "drug efflux" model to a systemically adaptive survival strategy driven by highly heterogeneous tumor populations under therapeutic pressure, characterized by dynamic evo...

[Point-of-care biomarkers of ocular surface disease: Current approaches and future perspectives].

Dry eye disease is a common multifactorial condition that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. In clinical practice, conventional diagnostic tools such as the Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and ocular surface staining show poor correlation between clinical signs and patient-reported symptoms. In this context, point-of-care (POC) biomarkers represent a major advance by enabli...

Nitric oxide refines retinal circuit architecture independently of retinal wave dynamics.

How diffusible neuromodulators control neural circuit assembly remains a key open question in neuroscience. While nitric oxide (NO) is known to regula...

Combining structural and microvascular parameters via machine learning for enhanced diagnosis of normal-tension glaucoma among highly myopic eyes: a prospective cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate whether a combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) parameters could improve ...

A S.C.O.R.E. framework for evaluating open-ended responses from large language models in healthcare.

Domain-specific evaluation is essential for clinical validation. We propose S.C.O.R.E. (Safety, Consensus & Context, Objectivity, Reproducibility, Exp...

Retinomorphic Visual Processing Enabled by Contact-Engineered IGZO Optoelectronic Synaptic Memtransistors.

Driven by the rapid progress of artificial intelligence and robotics, neuromorphic vision systems are gaining significant attention for enabling effic...

Evaluating Source-Based Large Language Models for Preclinical Dermatology Education: Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing popularity in medical education, with evidence supporting their educational value when...

Decoding motor imagery related to major mimetic muscles from electroencephalography.

BACKGROUND: Functional and aesthetic deficits in individuals with facial nerve paralysis (FNP) significantly impair their quality of life. By decoding...

Dine in or take out dataset: user behavior in an interactive virtual reality café.

We present the Dine In or Take Out Dataset, a virtual reality dataset collected using a Meta Quest Pro, to understand how predominantly Gen Z individu...

Factors to consider in a primary care setting when using convolutional neural network tools for melanoma diagnostics: a retrospective analysis of images and patient characteristics.

Primary care physicians typically perform the initial assessment of skin lesions. Artificial intelligence tools, using techniques such as convolutiona...

Smartphone-based offline AI for multi-disease retinal screening: Real-world accuracy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a multi-disease offline artificial intelligence system (Medios-AI, MAI), integrated into a smartphone-...

Viral Infections and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Reinterpreting the Crosstalk Through a Dual-Role Lens.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are multifactorial disorders with increasing evidence implicating viral infections in their pathogenesis. However, c...

Vision-Based Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Epilepsy Monitoring: Scoping Review and Taxonomy Development Study.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for vision-based epilepsy monitoring are advancing rapidly in health care. Despite growing resea...

Flexible artificial compound eye cameras for ultrawide continuous tracking in mixed reality.

In nature, fruit flies Drosophila have evolved a simple but superb vision system characterised by a three-level synergy: natural compound eyes for pan...

Outer nuclear layer thinning as an in vivo biomarker for discriminating probable FTLD-tau from probable FTLD-TDP with PET-supported subtyping.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinning has been identified in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD); however, its utility fo...

Artificial Intelligence in Orthopaedics: The Future Through the Lens of Knee Surgery.

Comparative analysis of GPT-4o as a representative multimodal large language model and human fitters in orthokeratology lens fitting: Assessing accuracy, efficiency and cost-effectiveness in initial lens parameter selection.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of GPT-4o, used here as a representative multimodal large language model (MLLM), against human fitters in orthok...

[Calculating IOL power - principles, development and current challenges].

BACKGROUND: The formulae for calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power have undergone considerable development. In recent years in particular, novel ap...

Quantifying the Economic Value of AI-Assisted Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Meta-Analysis Using the Incremental Net Benefit Framework.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively synthesize the economic value of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading...

Drusen volume and reticular pseudodrusen volume from optical coherence tomography with deep learning as risk factors for progression to late age-related macular degeneration in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen and contralateral macular neovascularisation.

AIM: To implement a deep learning-based segmentation algorithm to quantify reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and drusen volumes on optical coherence tomogr...