Orthopedics

Generalizability of deep learning-based dose conversion model in proton beam therapy.

BACKGROUND: In proton beam therapy (PBT), the analytical pencil beam (PB) algorithm involves dose uncertainties in inhomogeneous regions, making accurate Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation desirable but time-consuming. Deep learning, converting the dose calculated by the PB algorithm into an MC-equivalent dose distribution, can resolve the trade-off between calculation accuracy and speed. Training ...

Predicting early discontinuation of adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using machine learning: A specialty pharmacy-based approach.

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prescribed adalimumab often discontinue treatment within 6 months because of a perceived lack of benefit. Specialty pharmacies are well-positioned to intervene early, but identifying patients at high risk for early discontinuation is difficult to predict with existing tools. OBJECTIVE: To develop a predictive model using machine learning (ML) to ...

Predictors of short-term, relapse-independent progression in multiple sclerosis: A machine learning approach based on clinical data and conventional MRI-derived features.

BACKGROUND: Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) contributes to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), even in early stages. H...

Probabilistic day-ahead forecasting of system-level renewable energy and electricity demand.

Increasing shares of wind and solar generation, together with rising electricity demand, introduce growing uncertainty into power system operations. A...

Blasting ore size detection based on efficient dehazing network and multi-dimensional feature fusion.

Ore particle size distribution is an important metric for evaluating blasting outcomes and affects the energy consumption of ore crushing equipment. F...

Population-specific validation of long bone linear discriminant analysis against morphoscopic pelvic methods for sex estimation in contemporary Italian skeletal remains.

Sex estimation represents a fundamental step in forensic identification protocols, traditionally relying on morphoscopic pelvic assessment. However, t...

Regenerative and Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Arthritis: Harnessing Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Exosomes, and Bioengineered Scaffolds for Functional Joint Repair.

Arthritis, encompassing degenerative disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA) and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), remains a leading c...

Exploring the optimal age for total knee arthroplasty to minimize risk of adverse outcomes: machine learning analysis of a statewide cohort.

BACKGROUND: Rates of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the United States have risen in patients of a wide age range. Although rates of postoperative TK...

Dual-scale bionic sensor with high stretchability for AI-enabled squatting motion monitoring.

Real-time monitoring of knee flexion during sports is critical for injury prevention, yet precise measurement remains challenging due to large flexion...

Increase in knee-adjacent subcutaneous fat is associated with cartilage degeneration independent of BMI: A four-year analysis of the OAI dataset.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether changes in knee-adjacent subcutaneous fat (kaSCF) are associated with changes in cartilage thickness, cartilage T2 rel...

Evaluating large language model responses to patient questions on ulnar collateral ligament repair.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair continues to increase, so evaluating the accuracy and readability of information a...

A Comparative Study of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools for Human Bone Learning.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different generative AI tools, ChatGPT-4o, Claude 3.7 Sonnet, and Gemini 2.0 Flash, w...

Prediction of the joint toxicity of microplastics and organic pollutants on algae based on machine learning.

Complex joint toxicity driven by microplastic (MP)-organic pollutant mixtures in aquatic ecosystems remains poorly captured by conventional models. He...

[Albumin-myoestatosis gauge assisted by an artificial intelligence tool as a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic colorectal-cancer].

Objectives: to evaluate the prognostic role of the marker albumin-myosteatosis (MAM) in Caucasian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Material...

Remote sensing and geochemical constraints on polymetallic mineralization in Abu Rusheid and Sikait granites of Egypt.

The post-tectonic granites and pegmatites of the Abu Rusheid-Sikait area, in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt, represent highly mineralized plutons w...

A Preliminary Report: Screening Idiopathic Scoliosis (IS) With a Smartphone Application.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a 3-dimensional spinal deformity that affects ∼3.1% of the population. Current strategies for IS screening ...

Materiobiology-guided regulation of mesenchymal stromal cell fate for aging-related diseases: From basic parameter design to clinical application.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess potent immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic, and regenerative capacities, offering broad clinical promise in rege...

Craniofacial CBCT: Addressing volume-resolution dilemma using generative artificial intelligence.

In large field-of-view tomographic images, fine structures such as bone texture, porosity or root canals are poorly resolved. We developed a Generativ...

Can ChatGPT effectively generate abstracts in orthopedic surgery? A comparative analysis between human-written and ChatGPT-generated scientific abstracts.

BACKGROUND: Despite growing interest in using Chat-based Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) for academic writing, limited evidence exists re...

NeuroMDAVIS: Visualization of Single-Cell Multi-Omics Data under Deep Learning Framework.

Single-cell technologies have favored extensive advancements in cell-type discovery, cell state identification, development of lineage tracing, and di...