Orthopedics

Artificial intelligence in spine care: A scoping review of treatment applications.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in healthcare to support decision-making, personalize treatment, and improve outcomes. In spine care, AI has been used for both operative and nonoperative interventions, including surgical planning, outcome prediction, and digital tools for chronic low back pain (cLBP). However, evidence remains fragmented and variable in quality, li...

Impact of Generative AI-Enhanced Low-Dose Cone-Beam Computed Tomography on Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Impacted Mandibular Third Molars.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) could significantly enhance the visibility of the mandibular canal (MC) and the periodontal ligament (PL) of mandibular third molars (M3Ms) on low-dose cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images compared to standard-dose images, and to assess its impact on clinical decision-making compared to standard- and low-dose CBCT. ...

Diagnostic performance of X-ray-based deep learning models for detecting ankle and foot fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Lower extremity fractures are prevalent in vulnerable populations leading to significant burdens, which highlight the need for timely and ...

Optimizing knee MRI: 3D proton density turbo spin echo nDixon sequence vs. 2D high-resolution turbo spin echo in half the acquisition time.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a single proton density (PD) new Dixon (nDixon) three-dimensional turbo spin echo (...

An explainable machine learning model predicts 30-day readmission after vertebral augmentation.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) patients face high 30-day readmission risks after vertebral augmentation procedures (VAPs). Using e...

An Interpretable Machine Learning Model Based on MRI Features for Predicting Pain Severity in Temporomandibular Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain around the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles is a primary symptom of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). H...

Deep Learning-Assisted Prediction of Air-Bone Gap Using Tympanic Membrane Perforation Image Features.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a deep learning (DL)-based approach for predicting air-bone gap (ABG) from tympanic membrane (TM) perforation images using auto...

Advancing deep learning based knee cartilage segmentation in MRI: Innovations, challenges and applications.

OBJECTIVE: Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have advanced knee cartilage segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), offering scalable,...

ERANet: Edge replacement augmentation for semi-supervised meniscus segmentation with prototype consistency alignment and conditional self-training.

The meniscus, a fibrocartilaginous structure within the knee joint, plays an essential role in joint stability and the prevention of knee osteoarthrit...

3D printed scaffolds regulated by neural-bone metabolic coupling promote bone unit regeneration.

The bone unit (BU) is a multicellular functional unit composed of neuromodulatory networks, bone tissue, and functional blood vessels. As a functional...

Iterative learning for joint image denoising and motion artifact correction of 3D brain MRI.

Image noise and motion artifacts greatly affect the quality of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and negatively influence downstream medical imag...

Transformer-based multi-scale feature fusion for real-time CT bone metastasis detection.

Bone metastasis, a frequent complication of advanced cancers, requires early, precise detection to enable timely interventions and improve patient out...

Deep learning for automated alveolar cleft segmentation and bone graft volume estimation in cone-beam computed tomography imaging: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To train and validate a deep learning-based diagnostic tool capable of accurately segmenting the alveolar cleft region and automatically es...

Comparison of RETFound and a Supervised Convolutional Neural Network for Detection of Referable Glaucoma from Fundus Photographs.

PURPOSE: To compare the performance of a vision transformer-based foundation model (RETFound) and a supervised convolutional neural network (VGG-19) f...

In-situ NIR spectroscopy study on microgravity-induced articular cartilage degeneration with ResNet-18.

Articular cartilage (AC) plays a vital role in maintaining joint function, but it is highly vulnerable to degeneration due to the lack of mechanical l...

An explainable machine learning model for comorbidity risk stratification in patients with fractures admitted to the intensive care unit: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Among traumatic-fracture patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), those with substantial chronic comorbidities recover more slowl...

Distinguishing Between Presbycusis and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss With a Joint-Otoacoustic Emission Profile.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine whether a Joint-Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) Profile, a combined analysis of both distortion- and refle...

Ethanol consumption has minimal effects on cancellous bone architecture in femur and lumbar vertebra in two species of non-human primates.

Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for atraumatic fractures. Our previous work using a non-human primate model of voluntary ethanol consumption showed tha...

Age at Periacetabular Osteotomy Does Not Reduce the Likelihood of Excellent 20-Year Patient-Reported Outcomes in Native Hips: A K-Means Clustering Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is widely used to treat symptomatic hip dysplasia; however, the long-term effect of age at PAO on patient-r...

Digital Eye: Deep Learning for Detecting Physeal Fractures of the Pediatric Distal Radius.

BACKGROUND: Distal radial fractures (DRFs) are some of the most common pediatric injuries, often involving the physis. Diagnostic accuracy can be chal...