Orthopedics

Using Machine Learning and SHAP to Identify Biomechanical Risk Factors for Increased Achilles Tendon Stress during Low-Temperature Running.

PURPOSE: Achilles tendon injuries are common during running in low-temperature environments, but the underlying biomechanical mechanisms remain unclear. This study combines machine learning with Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to identify key running biomechanics factors contributing to increased Achilles tendon stress during the running-start and steady-state phases in low-temperature condit...

Evaluating bone density with ultrasonic backscatter: Leveraging time-frequency analyses and convolutional neural networks.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. This study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) method for detecting changes in bone density using spectrograms or scalograms generated from ultrasonic backscatter signals of 55 human cancellous bone specimens from the proximal femur. After applying a simple grid search to optimize three CNN hyp...

Joint generative and alignment adversarial learning for robust incomplete multi-view clustering.

Incomplete multi-view clustering (IMVC) has become an area of increasing focus due to the frequent occurrence of missing views in real-world multi-vie...

Intelligent extraction of CT image landmarks for improving cam-type femoroacetabular impingement assessment.

OBJECTIVES: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with cam-type morphology is a common hip disorder that can result in groin pain and eventually osteoart...

Validation of novel low-dose CT methods for quantifying bone marrow in the appendicular skeleton of patients with multiple myeloma: initial results from the [18F]FDG PET/CT sub-study of the Phase 3 GMMG-HD7 Trial.

PURPOSE: The clinical significance of medullary abnormalities in the appendicular skeleton detected by computed tomography (CT) in patients with multi...

Counterfactual generation with joint causal representation for generative adversarial networks.

The black-box nature of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) hinders the controllable generation of images, particularly in semantic editing that in...

Evaluation of Context-Aware Prompting Techniques for Classification of Tumor Response Categories in Radiology Reports Using Large Language Model.

Radiology reports are essential for medical decision-making, providing crucial data for diagnosing diseases, devising treatment plans, and monitoring ...

AI Screening Tool Based on X-Rays Improves Early Detection of Decreased Bone Density in a Clinical Setting.

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis is an under-screened musculoskeletal disorder that results in diminished quality of life and significant burden to the healthcar...

Modified UNet-enhanced ultrasonic superb microvascular imaging feature extraction and grading of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is recognized as the most frequently encountered median nerve (MN) entrapment neuropathy, with a disproportionate burden ...

Quantifying 3D foot and ankle alignment using an AI-driven framework: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate assessment of foot and ankle alignment through clinical measurements is essential for diagnosing deformities, treatment planning, ...

An AI-based pipeline for osteoporosis/osteopenia prediction using hip radiographs.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an artificial intelligence-based tool for the diagnosis of osteoporosis/osteopenia using hip radiographs. The tool ...

Multiplexed, rapid phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing based on angle-resolved light scattering imaging of microfluidic droplets.

INTRODUCTION: There is an urgent need for rapid, high-throughput phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) capable of assessing a microbia...

AI demonstrates comparable diagnostic performance to radiologists in MRI detection of anterior cruciate ligament tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common knee injuries, affecting 1 in 3500 people annually. With rising rate...

Localizing Knee Pain via Explainable Bayesian Generative Models and Counterfactual MRI: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Osteoarthritis (OA) pain often does not correlate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected structural abnormalities, limiting the clinical utili...

Tissue-Engineered Endothelial Keratoplasty with Controlled Cell Density: Toward Super TEEKs.

Over the past 20 years, endothelial keratoplasty procedures have revolutionized the treatment of corneal endothelial disorders. These conditions have ...

Do ChatGPT and Gemini's Recommendations Align With Established Guidelines for Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery?

BACKGROUND: The use of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Gemini in clinical settings has surged, presenting potential benefits in reduc...

Support Vector Machines: Techniques and Applications.

Support vector machines (SVMs) are widely utilized in health care research for tasks such as classification, regression, and outlier detection. These ...

The Impact of Humanoid Robot's Presence on Human's Cognitive Control in a Stop-Signal Task.

Motor inhibition-a key aspect of cognitive control-is crucial in interactive contexts, where partners must suppress and adjust actions for optimal coo...

Current State-of-the-Art 3D MRI Sequences for Assessing Bone Morphology with Emphasis on Cranial and Spinal Imaging: A Narrative Review.

Traditionally, CT has been the go-to method for visualizing bone structures, while MRI has been preferred for assessing soft tissues, because structur...

Unfolding the diagnostic pipeline of diabetic retinopathy with artificial intelligence: A systematic review.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment globally, necessitating early and accurate detection through effective screening met...