Osteoporosis

Simulating Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in CT Using Deep-Learning Segmentation Cascade.

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis is an underdiagnosed condition despite effective screening modalities. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) screening, although recommended in clinical guidelines, remains markedly underutilized. In contrast to DEXA, CT utilization is high and presents a valuable data source for opportunistic osteoporosis screening. The purpose of this study was to describe a method to sim...

Fast and robust active neuron segmentation in two-photon calcium imaging using spatiotemporal deep learning.

Calcium imaging records large-scale neuronal activity with cellular resolution in vivo. Automated, fast, and reliable active neuron segmentation is a critical step in the analysis workflow of utilizing neuronal signals in real-time behavioral studies for discovery of neuronal coding properties. Here, to exploit the full spatiotemporal information in two-photon calcium imaging movies, we propose a ...

Natural language processing of radiology reports for identification of skeletal site-specific fractures.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis has become an important public health issue. Most of the population, particularly elderly people, are at some degree of risk ...

DeepQSM - using deep learning to solve the dipole inversion for quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phase measurements and has gained broad interest because it yie...

Coronary Calcium Detection Based on Improved Deep Residual Network in Mimics.

Coronary calcium detection in medicine image processing is a hot research topic. According to the low resolution and complex background in medicine im...

Discovery of small molecule binders of human FSHR(TMD) with novel structural scaffolds by integrating structural bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms.

BACKGROUND: The activation of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) by FSH and the consequent downstream signaling activities are crucial for r...

Anthranilic Acid Inhibitors of Undecaprenyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (UppS), an Essential Enzyme for Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis.

We report the successful implementation of virtual screening in the discovery of new inhibitors of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UppS) from Up...

Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy Among Chinese Postmenopausal Women: A Nationwide, Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.

We aimed to investigate the status of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among Chinese postmenopausal women in a multicenter cross-sectional study. ...

Effects of Two Doses of Organic Extract-Based Biostimulant on Greenhouse Lettuce Grown Under Increasing NaCl Concentrations.

The enhancement of plant tolerance toward abiotic stresses is increasingly being supported by the application of biostimulants. Salinity represents a ...

Quantitation of serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 concentrations by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Vitamin D has been considered to regulate calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and to preserve skeletal integrity. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) i...

Polypharmacology Browser PPB2: Target Prediction Combining Nearest Neighbors with Machine Learning.

Here we report PPB2 as a target prediction tool assigning targets to a query molecule based on ChEMBL data. PPB2 computes ligand similarities using mo...

Effects of Fermentation on the Ca Release and Antioxidative Properties of Sheep Bone Hydrolysate.

Both the calcium and collagen in bone powder are hard to be absorbed by the body. Although enzymatic hydrolysis by protease increased the bio-availabi...

Adult Idiopathic Renal Fanconi Syndrome: A Case Report.

Renal Fanconi syndrome (RFS) is caused by generalized proximal tubular dysfunction and can be divided into hereditary and acquired form. Adult-onset R...

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Is Associated with a Set-Point Variation in the Calcium-Parathyroid Hormone-Vitamin D Axis: Results from a German Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Higher levels of parathyroid hormone have been associated with the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in people with and without H...

In vitro bioactivity and degradation behaviour of β-wollastonite derived from natural waste.

Calcium silicate ceramics, in particular wollastonite (CaSiO), is the most commonly used bioactive material for bone regeneration and repairing applic...

Combined effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and low level laser irradiation on bisphosphonate-treated osteoblasts.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergic effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and low-level la...

Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels and HDL Cholesterol in Postmenopausal Women from Colombian Caribbean.

BACKGROUND: Previous evidence suggests that metabolic disorders in postmenopausal women could be related with low serum vitamin D levels. For example,...

Can low-frequency guided waves at the tibia paired with machine learning differentiate between healthy and osteopenic/osteoporotic subjects? A pilot study.

PURPOSE: Axial transmission quantitative acoustics (ax-QA) has shown to be a promising tool for assessing bone health and properties in a safe, inexpe...

A neural microcircuit model for a scalable scale-invariant representation of time.

Scale-invariant timing has been observed in a wide range of behavioral experiments. The firing properties of recently described time cells provide a p...

Segmentation of the Proximal Femur from MR Images using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a complimentary method to measure bone quality and assess fracture risk. However, manual segment...