Pneumonia

Sentiment analysis of employees and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy at workplace

Vaccination is a potent means to combat the spread of infectious disease epidemics or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, getting sufficient people to accept the vaccine and achieve herd immunity remains a significant challenge. This study evaluates preschool workers’ sentiments and challenges during in-person schooling amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and attitudes toward COVID-19 vacc...

Expanding cholera serosurveillance to vaccinated populations

Mass oral cholera vaccination campaigns targeted at subnational areas with high incidence are central to global cholera elimination efforts. Serological surveillance offers a complementary approach to address gaps in clinical surveillance in these regions. However, similar immune responses from vaccination and infection can lead to overestimates of incidence of infection. To address this, we analy...

Mining Social Media Data for Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Using a Large Language Model and Chain-of-Thought Prompting

Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimation plays a critical role in public health decision-making by quantifying the real-world impact of vaccina...

Tuberculosis disease severity assessment using clinical variables and radiology enabled by artificial intelligence

Radiology can define tuberculosis (TB) severity and may guide duration of treatment, however the optimal radiological metric to use and which clinical...

Predicting and Preventing Suicide at Entry to Mental Health Care: A Community-Engaged, Machine Learning Model Implementation

Suicide rates in the United States have increased steadily over the past twenty years, a trend coinciding with rising use of mental health services ac...

Automated diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia on chest CT via the mean curvature of isophotes

To test whether the mean curvature of isophotes (MCI), a geometric image transformation, can be used to improve automatic detection on chest CT of Usu...

Adherence Risk Stratification in Physiatry: A Multivariate Analysis of Factors in Community-Based Care Using Algorithmic Modeling Techniques

Missed appointments represent a double-edged sword in community health settings. Policies designed to retain patients and ensure continuity of care fo...

A simple feed forward neural network to predict the 2025 outbreak of measles in the USA

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease associated with a variety of severe complications. Since 1963, widespread usage of a highly effective vac...

Combining Mass Spectrometry with Machine Learning to Identify Novel Protein Signatures: The Example of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

We demonstrate an approach that integrates biomarker analysis with machine learning to identify protein signatures, using the example of SARS-CoV-2-in...

Reinforcement learning-based control of epidemics on networks of communities and correctional facilities

Correctional facilities can act as amplifiers of infectious disease outbreaks. Small community outbreaks can cause larger prison outbreaks, which can ...

Deep Learning for Pneumonia Diagnosis: A Custom CNN Approach with Superior Performance on Chest Radiographs

A major global health and wellness issue causing major health problems and death, pneumonia underlines the need of quickly and precisely identifying a...

Mapping Inequities in Global Vaccine Sentiment Research

Negative public sentiment towards vaccination (PSV) poses significant challenges to the effectiveness of immunization programs, with dramatic effects ...

Diagnostic accuracy of a high-throughput multiplex immunoassay for the detection of Mpox virus infection and MVA-BN vaccination up to two years after exposure

Mpox, caused by mpox virus (MPXV), has gained global attention following the 2022 Clade IIb outbreak and the emergence of two novel Clade I lineages i...

Granular Insights:A Wastewater-Based Machine Learning Approach for Localized COVID-19 Hospitalization Forecasting

Wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) is a valuable tool for monitoring emerging disease trends in a community. Specifically, early predictions of hospi...

Evaluation of the Bangkok Health Research and Ethics Interest Group: reflecting on the experiences of group members, researchers and facilitators participating in an urban community advisory board in Thailand

The Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), headquartered in Bangkok, conducts research on tropical medicine and global health. MORU wo...

A Clinically-Informed Framework for Evaluating Vision-Language Models in Radiology Report Generation: Taxonomy of Errors and Risk-Aware Metric

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled automatic radiology report generation, yet current evaluation methods remain limited to ...

Efficient Chest X-Ray Feature Extraction and Feature Fusion for Pneumonia Detection Using Lightweight Pretrained Deep Learning Models

Pneumonia is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the alveolar sacs in the lungs, which disrupts normal oxygen exchange. This dise...

Automating Handwritten Vaccination Record Transcription with Generative Multimodal AI Models: A Proof of Concept Study from The Gambia

Handwritten home-based vaccination records (HBRs) are a vital source of immunization data, yet manual transcription in household surveys is time-consu...

Group-derived and individual disconnection in stroke: recovery prediction and deep graph learning

Recent advances in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke contribute to improved patient outcomes, yet the mechanisms driving long-term disease trajec...

A conversational artificial intelligence based web application for medical conversations: a prototype for a chatbot

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved through various trends, with different subfields gaining prominence over time. Currently, Conversational Arti...