Pneumonia

Comparative Analysis of Long COVID and Post-Vaccination Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Symptoms and Machine Learning-Based Differentiation

Long COVID is a well-documented post-viral syndrome, while post-vaccination syndrome (PVS) remains poorly characterized. Understanding their similarities and differences is essential for refining diagnostic criteria and developing targeted interventions. This study systematically compares the symptomatology of long COVID and PVS following COVID-19 vaccination, highlighting key distinctions that co...

Multimodal Speech and Text Models to Detect Suicidal Risks in Adolescents

Early detection of suicide risk in adolescents is crucial but faces challenges including stigma, reluctance to disclose suicidal thoughts, and limited accessibility of mental health resources. Traditional assessment methods may miss at-risk populations, particularly in community settings. This study aimed to explore whether multimodal analysis combining acoustic and linguistic features can improve...

The Development and Evaluation of AI-based Tuberculosis Screening with a Digital Stethoscope used to Capture Lung Sounds. A Case-Control Study

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global cause of preventable death, with 10.8 million cases and 1.3 million deaths reported in 2023. Current method...

Explainable Cryobiopsy AI Model, CRAI, to Predict Disease Progression for Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsies with Interstitial Pneumonia

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses diverse pulmonary disorders with varied prognoses. Current pathological diagnoses suffer from inter-observ...

Spatial Distribution and Associated Factors Influencing 2024 Measles-Rubella Vaccination Campaign Coverage among Children Aged 9–59 Months in Mainland Tanzania

Globally, measles remains a major cause of child mortality, and rubella is the leading cause of birth defects among all infectious diseases. In Mainla...

Limited Predictability of Client Attendance in a Support Program for HIV Vertical Transmission Prevention: A Comparison of Machine Learning and Community Health Worker Predictions

Client attendance is vital for the success of HIV vertical transmission prevention programs, yet 23.4% of clients missed follow-up appointments after ...

Candidate Correlates of Protection in the HVTN505 HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial Identified by Positive-Unlabeled Learning

With a goal of unveiling mechanisms by which vaccines can provide protection against HIV-1 acquisition, several studies have explored correlates of ri...

Predictive Modelling’s role in Improving Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Uptake in High-Risk HIV Groups in Africa: An Integrative Scoping Review

This scoping review explores how predictive modelling can strengthen pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among high-risk populations in Africa, whe...

Machine Learning-Driven Identification of Serotype-Independent Pneumococcal Vaccine Candidates using samples from Human Infection Challenge Studies

Identifying conserved, immunogenic proteins that confer protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation could enable development of serotype-...

Dementia Risk and Machine Learning-Derived Brain Age Index from Sleep Electroencephalography: A Pooled Cohort Analysis of Over 7,000 Individuals Across Five Community Cohorts

Sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) microstructures are closely related to cognition and undergo age-dependent changes. However, their multidimensiona...

A Machine Learning Approach to Prediction and Multimorbidity Risk Factor Identification in a low- and middle-income country

Multimorbidity, the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions, is a growing public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries...

Systems Vaccinology Reveals Distinct Immune Signatures of Inhaled and Intramuscular SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Humans

Mucosal vaccines may reduce both infection and transmission by engaging local immunity, yet the immunological pathways they activate in humans remain ...

Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Communities with High HIV Prevalence in Resource-Limited Settings using Social, Economic and Behavioral Data

Identifying communities with high HIV prevalence is crucial for public health officials, researchers, and policymakers to effectively monitor the epid...

Causal modeling of chronic kidney disease in a participatory framework for informing the inclusion of social drivers in health algorithms

Incomplete or incorrect causal theories are a key source of bias in machine learning (ML) algorithms. Community-engaged methodologies provide an avenu...

Prognostic role of COVID-19 pneumonia signs and other CT-biomarkers for survival in patients with malignant neoplasms: the ARILUS project

Clinically manifested pneumonia associated with COVID-19 infection in cancer patients has been associated with worse prognosis. The prognostic signifi...

A three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series improves the quality of anti-monkeypox virus immunity

The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox represented a turning point in public health’s handling of poxviruses. The primary vaccine available for pr...

Analyzing Information Disparities across Modalities in Mortality Prediction

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled the integration of heterogeneous data modalities for clinical prediction, allowing models to exploit com...

Enhanced Detection Rate of AI for Lung Cancer Detection on GP-Referred Chest X-rays: A Real-World Retrospective Evaluation

To assess whether an artificial intelligence (AI) chest radiograph (CXR) tool could enhance lung cancer detection on primary care–referred CXRs in the...

Deploying Smartphone-Based Artificial Intelligence Interventions to Community Health Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Recommendations for Product Developers, Implementing Partners, and Governments

Community health workers are crucial to public health efforts in low– and middle-income countries. Despite their contributions to improving health, th...

Estrogen upregulates NF-κB and TNF signaling in B cells to cause sex and age differences in antibody responses to seasonal influenza vaccination

Sex differences in the humoral immune responses to the seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) in young adults (YA; 18-49yo) or high dose QIV in...