Pneumonia

Enhancing radiology workflows through collaborative AI-assisted chest X-ray reporting using large vision-language models: a proof-of-concept study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether collaborative assistance from an artificial intelligence-based tool that proposes partial radiology report content can improve reporting efficiency and radiologist satisfaction in chest X-ray interpretation, without compromising report quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, three radiologists reported 50 MIMIC-CXR chest X-rays twice, once with art...

Automated Detection of Pediatric Pneumonia via Clinically Driven AI Analysis of Lung Ultrasound.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly utilized for diagnosing pediatric pneumonia due to its bedside accessibility, radiation-free nature, and high diagnostic sensitivity. However, broader clinical adoption remains hindered by operator dependency, inconsistent interpretation, and training challenges, particularly among trainees and less-experienced health care providers. Currently, there is an unm...

Ensemble localized patch residual convolution neural networks for pneumonia detection using chest X-ray.

Adjuvant databases and knowledge bases for data-driven research: a computational biology perspective.

In adjuvant research, which has long relied on experience and trial and error, advancements in technologies in broad areas, including artificial intel...

The governance gap no one is solving.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly entering clinical practice, yet the governance models needed to ensure its safe, ethical, and equitable use ha...

Insects shape the cadaver decomposition microbiome and postmortem interval estimation accuracy.

The breakdown and recycling of carrion is a crucial ecological process that largely relies on a community of necrophagous insects and microbes. Recent...

Development of a community home-based dual-supplier cooperation care model for people with dementia based on an intelligent decision-assistance system: protocol of a 1-year randomised controlled trial in China.

INTRODUCTION: Dementia imposes significant care and financial burdens on families and countries globally. While high-quality home-based care is crucia...

Machine Learning-Guided Synthetic Microbial Communities Enable Functional and Sustainable Degradation of Persistent Environmental Pollutants.

Persistent environmental pollutants require diverse microbial metabolic capabilities for effective degradation. While naturally occurring consortia or...

Atomic clarity: how structural biology is shaping blood-stage malaria vaccines.

Developing an effective malaria vaccine is challenging because Plasmodium parasites use complex strategies to invade host cells. The blood stage, wher...

Machine learning prediction of CKD progression in hyperglycemic elderly adults: a prospective community cohort study.

Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). This multicenter prospective study developed and validated a machine learning (...

A community vision for next-generation bed mapping in Antarctica.

Antarctic bed mapping underpins our understanding of ice-sheet stability, grounding-line retreat and future sea-level rise. Detailed geomorphological ...

Predicting microbial community responses to disturbance using genome-resolved trait-based life-history strategies.

Understanding how microbial communities respond to disturbance remains a fundamental question in ecology, with broad implications for biodiversity, ec...

Modelling the epidemic dynamics of HPV among women in China and optimization of ongoing cervical cancer elimination strategies.

BACKGROUND: The infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) and related cervical cancer have greatly threatened women's health. However, the ...

eDNA and AI Identification Reveal Complementary Signals in Phytoplankton Monitoring.

Phytoplankton regulates aquatic energy transfer and biogeochemical cycling, yet accurately characterizing community composition remains challenging be...

AI Triage of Normal Chest Radiographs: A Silent Trial and Failure Analysis.

Chest radiography is the most frequently performed imaging examination worldwide, and increasing demand has contributed to reporting delays in many he...

A deep dive into ferritin nanoparticle advancements: experimental and computational perspectives.

Ferritin, a natural iron-storage protein, has emerged as a versatile platform in nanotechnology and biomedicine due to its biocompatible 12 nm nanocag...

Using a large language model artificial intelligence agent to improve the efficiency of clinical quality measure evidence evaluation: a case study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and performance of a large language model (LLM)-based artificial intelligence (AI) agent, implemented within a...

Microbial signatures define the ecosystem functions of the pelagic microbiome in a basin-scale, Southwest Atlantic Ocean.

The pelagic environment represents a mosaic of biogeographical domains shaped by regional oceanographic processes. Here, a coastal-to-open ocean micro...

Divergent macrophage-regulated T cell states determine response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine in high-risk bladder cancer.

BACKGROUNDPrimary therapy for high-risk bladder cancer (BCa) is repeated instillations of the tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Alt...

A Prompt-Guided Vision-Language Framework for Interpretable and Region-Aware Disease Diagnosis in Chest X-rays.

Effective interpretation of chest X-rays requires a tightly integrated process of visual analysis, diagnostic reasoning, and structured reporting. Yet...